Medical Sciences question and answers for August 15, 2023
- Q Diagram and describe the oxidative energy system. Be detailed inwhere the various steps in the aerobic process occur and give anATP accounting for all major steps.
- Q HORMONESECRETED FROMCONTROLLED BYTARGET (S)PRINCIPALACTION(S)hGHTSHFSHLHPRLGnRHaACTHOXYTOCINT3 and T4CALCITONINPTHALDOSTERONEEPINEPHRINECORTISOLINSULINGLUCOGONEESTROGENTESTOSTERONEADH
- Q Which of the following statements does not describe theclassical activation pathway of complement?A) Initiation of the classical pathway of the complement systemrequires formation of an antibody antigen complex.B) The classical...
- Q Compare and contrast the auditory and gustatory pathways. Startwith explaining how stimuli are molecularly detected by thereceptor cells and how the membrane potentials are depolarized.Discuss what triggers the action potentials...
- Q Describe ten types of Central Nervous System Agents and theirmechanism of action on neurotransmitters
- Q We all know there are different classifications of joints withinthe human body (e.g. ball and socket, hinge, pivot, fibrous, etc.).Why the variety? What if the joints between skull bones had...
- Q Starting with 1 glycogen molecule, diagram the glycolytic energysystem. Include all the major enzymes (enzymes that we havehighlighted), steps and products. Be detailed in where this occursin the muscle cell...
- Q 5. List the locations in the alimentary canal where chemicaldigestion takes place. Include the food substrate hydrolyzed ineach location.
- Q 1. Explain how mechanical digestion enhances chemicaldigestion.2. Explain how the structure of the small intestine enhances itsfunction.
- Q Whatare the most significant barriers to women’s health? Discuss thelack of information, lack of insurance, and healthdisparities.
- Q what are parts of cerebrum?
- Q A 40-year-old woman has been admitted with possible embolism.Her symptoms are chest pain, right leg temperature warmer thanleft, delivery of a baby by C-section three weeks ago, and fatigueand shortness...
- Q A patient has been brought to the ED with the followingsymptoms: (a) reports feeling sick, (b) weak, (c) cold at times andhot others, (d) nauseated, (e) confused and at times...
- Q For a hair cell of the organ of corti to depolarize which of thefollowing must open?a) sodium ligand-gated channelb) potassium ligand-gated channelc) potassium mechanically-gated channeld) sodium voltage gated channele) potassium...
- Q Animal Nutrition questions:3) Why do we worry about the absolute amounts of Calcium andPhosphorus (i.e. % of the diet) in a diet and also about therelative ratios of Calcium to...
- Q Describe the three sensory pathways and their function. In yourdescription, please be sure to describe where these pathways crossover.
- Q Discuss the changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systemduring and just after a 100 meters sprint, in the context ofChanges occur compared to restingInteractions between these systemsWhat are the local...
- Q 2. Draw the visceral surface of the liver and show the ligamentsand vessels on your drawing.
- Q Describe the various accommodation problems associated with thecornea, lens, and the shape of the eye.
- Q Describe the events associated with the ovariancycle
- Q describe the three types of muscle tissue?
- Q compare neurons and glial cells with respect to structure andfunction
- Q During a family vacation, the Densmores were struck by atransfer truck which destroyedtheir car. Luckily, the family survived with what seemed likesuperficial wounds, except for Mrs.Densmore who appeared to suffer...
- Q 39. Which of the following is true about cleavage of the zygote?a. each cells division results in smaller cells b. the cellsresulting from cleavage are diploid (contain a maternal andpaternal...
- Q A typical spinal cord has how many pairs of spinal nerves, andit ends at the level of what vertebrae?After injuring her back, a 22-year old woman exhibits a positiveBabinski reflex....
- Q Select all answers that are true of the nervepathway within the ANS.Select one or more:a. the post synaptic/ganglionic nerve reaches a single targetcellb. it involves unmyelinated axonsc. there is only...
- Q whyis the uterine cycle coordinated with the ovarian cycle?
- Q describe how the muscles of the anus and urethra aresimilar. What is the benefit of the organisms arrangement?
- Q In cardiac muscle, which of the following work to remove calciumfrom the intracellular fluid? Select one: a. Only the L-type Ca++channel in the T tubules b. Only the Ca++ pump...
- Q Sickle cell anemia is inherited as an autosomal, recessivedisorder. Individuals who inherit the mutated gene from bothparents will show symptoms of sickle cell, including a stiffeningof the red blood cells...
- Q HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE is an autosomal dominantly inherited,degenerative human disease of the nervous system. Individualshomozygous for this dominant gene almost always die as a fetus. Thedisease has no obvious phenotypic effects...
- Q Your final journal of the semester is here. This one is a bitmore relaxed.One of the hopeful and apparent themes throughout the course ishow all of the systems are interrelated...
- Q where in the gastrointestinal tract are nutrientsfirst absorbed into the body? give some reasons this cannot happenprior to this point.
- Q Describe the classical pathway of complement activation in theabsence of antibodies and how it is used during an innate immuneresponse to clear the pathogen.
- Q 88.) Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrinegland?It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile intothe blood.It secretes CCK through the pancreatic duct and insulin into...
- Q 94.) The small fold of tissue that secures the tongue to thefloor of the mouth is calledthe lingual philtrumthe lingual frenulumuvulathe labial frenulum95.) Extrinsic salivary glands differ from intrinsic salivaryglands...
- Q 31. Which of the following is not true about hCG (humanchorionic gonadotropin)? a. secretion of hCG helps maintain thecorpus luteum b. secretion of hCG inhibits secretion of GnRH andFSH c....
- Q 78.) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by __________cells.enteroendocrinechiefmucousregenerative (stem)parietal79.) Several digestive enzymes (proteases) are secreted aszymogens because __________.gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for theirsynthesisit saves one step...
- Q 5. Which of the following is the function of the acrosome of thesperm?a. fuses with the chromosomes of the egg b. propels thespermc. contains the mitochondria of the sperm d....
- Q 83.) Bile is forced up the cystic duct through the closing ofthesphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic)ileocecal valve.lower esophageal sphincter.pyloric sphincter.84.) Which of the following is the primary effect of CCK?stimulates secretion...
- Q 18. A high rate of increase in LH promotes which two of thefollowing: a. development of the primary follicle b. shedding ofthe endometrium c. initial growth of the endometrium d....
- Q 1. Why might liver function tests be ordered for an obesepatient?2. What is a likely diagnosis for an obese, white, teenagegirl who presents with heavy facial hair, acne, irregular menstrualperiods,...
- Q Provide a detailed description of the detrimental effects andmechanism of action of a known endocrine disruptor.
- Q Which of the following describes an apical symport system in themembrane of a renal tubule cell?Select one:a. Na+/glucose transportb. Transport of CO2 from blood into cellsc. Na+/H+ transportd. Na+/K+ transporte....
- Q 73.) A patient suffering from diabetic acidosis would displaywhich of the following symptoms?Decreased H+ secretion by the kidneysDecreased ammonia secretion by the kidneysHyperventilation74.) Infants have __________ deciduous teeth, whereas adultshave...
- Q Parkinson’s disease is a motor disorder that generally affectspeople in their later yearsa) Why do the motor symptoms occur?b) Discuss the treatments for Parkinson’s diseaseFor each treatment, explain the pharmacological...
- Q If a patient has higher than normal levels ofParathyroid Hormone (PTH), you would expect to see:A. hypoglycemiaB. hypercalcemiaC. hyperkalemiaD. increased Metabolic Rate & weightlossE. hypokalemia
- Q Mammalian fetuses develop in conditions dubbed ‘Everest inutero’. Explain what ‘Everest in utero’ refers to and why it isimportant for normal development.
- Q The Fick equation is used to describe the embryonic gasexchange. Provide the equation and describe each of its components.Describe how oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2) and oxygenconductance (GO2) increase throughout amphibiandevelopment....
- Q Chief Complaint: 74-year-old woman with shortness of breath andswelling. History: Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with ahistory of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to herphysician with complaints of...
- Q A patient complains of being low in energy and feelingcold much of the time. The patient has also gained weight. Whichone of the following is the most likely cause?A. acromegalyB....
- Q Because Growth Hormone _______, inhibition involves a(n)_________.A. is a tropic hormone ; negativefeed-back-loopB. acts on an endocrine gland ; positive feed-backloopC. is not a tropic hormone ; Inhibitory Hormone(IH)D. is...
- Q The partition that separates the two lateral ventricles iscalled the:a.wall of Sylviusb.septum of Monroc.septum pellucidumd.septum ventriculus
- Q 1. Immune system is an important system in the body. Discuss thefollowings:1) The role of antibodies and antigens in blood typing?2) The types of immunity in relation to diseaseprotection?  .2....
- Q The Levels of organization.A) A woman goes to the emergency room and complains of a pain inher abdomen. B) The doctor tells her that she has an ulcer that hasdamaged...
- Q a) Does the composition of ECM has any active role to play inmodulating the dynamic biomolecule organization(s) of cells duringmechanotransduction?b) Any possible role(s) played by plasma membrane in thestructural transformation...
- Q This is a list of some of the steps in the process of seeing aflash of light. Put them in cause-and-effect order from first tolast.A. Photons pass through the ganglion...
- Q A 40-year-old man reports to his health care providercomplaining of heartburn that occurs after eating and also wakeshim up at night. He is overweight and admits to enjoying fattyfoods and...
- Q Please answer this all question :1. Is there any other factor besides the nephron which controlthe reabsorption of water and certain molecules for osmoregulation?Substantiate your answer with reasons? .2. Analyze...
- Q The most superior portion of the breastbone is called the__________.
- Q Chief Complaint: 8-year-old girl with excessivethirst, frequent urination, and weight loss.History: Cindy Mallon, an 8-year-old girl inpreviously good health, has noticed that, in the past month, she isincreasingly thirsty. She...
- Q Describe how the kidneys convert filtrate in the nephron intodilute or concentrated urine by tubular reabsorption and tubularsecretion (include the importance of the nephron loop and thehormonal regulation of urine...
- Q describe the structures in the small intestine wall and whatthey do?is this question asking about the duodenum, jejunum, and ileumor about the microvilli ?
- Q how does the loop of henle create a concentration gradient inthe mammalian kidney?
- Q The Primary Auditory Area uses the location of theauditory receptors to determine the _______, and the frequency ofaction potentials to determine the _______.A. loudness; pitchB. pitch; direction of the soundC....
- Q The three main cells that make up the taste bud are the basalcells, supporting cells, and the gustatory cells.True or False
- Q Describe the differences in transduction for steroidversus amino acid and peptide hormones. Describe at least onesecond messenger pathway in detail.
- Q Apatient has an electrolyte imbalance that has caused multiplesymptoms since appropriate balance of sodium, potassium and calciumis critical to proper function of cell types that are \"electricallyexcitable\". Name ONE cell...
- Q 1. Which of the following is the normal variability in peaktorque between right and left limbs in individuals with no previousor current injury, and not engaged in a unilateral sport,...
- Q Cardiac muscle cells cannot fire an action potential until themuscle has relaxed from the previous beat. From this you knowthatSelect one:a. Ligand-gated sodium channels remain closed until calcium ispumped away...
- Q 5). How can the sympathetic division cause smooth muscle torelax in some organs but cause smooth muscle to contract in otherorgans?6). Nociceptors are tonic rather than phasic receptors.Speculate on why...
- Q Which nerve fiber tract sends orders from the PrimaryMotor Area to the somatic motorneurons?A. SpinocerebellarB. Dorsal (White) ColumnsC. ExtrapyramidalD. PyramidalE. Spinothalamic
- Q During exercise, how/why does a larger percentage of blood(cardiac output) go to skeletal muscles?
- Q 1. Body fat results from the upper and lower body BIA scale aretypically higher than body fat results from hydrostatic weighing.This suggests there is a problem with which of the...
- Q 1. Which of the following pulmonary measurements will be mostaffected in an individual with COPD?a.) SVCb.) Percentage of the FVC that can be exhaled in 1 sec(FEV1/FVC)c.) Total lung capacityd.)...
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