Cystinuria is a disease characterized by the abnormal production of painful kidney stones. The stone formation...

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Biology

Cystinuria is a disease characterized by the abnormalproduction of painful kidney stones. The stone formation does notappear to be related to patient dehydration. These stones areproduced because certain amino acids tend to build up andcrystallize outside the transport cells. Can your group think ofany reason why a cell might fail to reabsorb organicmolecules?
Epulos, a bacterium growing in the gut of tropical surgeonfishcan reach the size of 500 micrometers. How does this compare toother bacteria and what problems does this present the Epulos? Whatare some ways that a cell this size could alter its structure tosurvive?
Many biologists speculate that the first major steps in theevolution of a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic ancestor would bethe loss of a cell wall and the development of an extensivecytoskeleton. Why do you suppose these steps are so important?Specifically discuss what these steps allowed a eukaryoticancestor.

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Solutes along with salts and other aminoacids get reabsorbed from urine in the proximal tubule Salts dont need any transporters for their reabsorptionThe other amino acids that are not reabsorbed do not create crystals in urine epulos are a group of Grampositive bacteria that have a symbiotic relationship with surgeonfishThey are still the largest known heterotrophic bacteria In addition to their large size Epulopiscium commonly referred to as epulos are morphologically diverse and extremely polyploid Ways can form epulos Epulos also have unique reproductive strategies in which certain 1 cells can form See Answer

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