Your answers to these kinds of questions demonstrate an ability to comprehend and apply ideas discussed...

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Psychology

Your answers to these kinds of questions demonstratean ability to comprehend and apply ideas discussed in thischapter.Â Please use the key terms from the chapter to helpyou answer the following questions.Â I expect thorough,well-thought out answers for each question.Â Make sure tonumber your answers to the questions accordingly and proofreadbefore submitting.Â Â
1. What is the relationship between each of thesubstages in Piagetâ€™s theory of the sensorimotor period? How doesthe infant get from one stage to the next?
2. Define language, and explain the concept ofinfinite generativity.
3. Discuss evidence regarding the nature and nurturebases for language development.
4. Summarize the milestones in the development oflanguage by infants.
5.Â Explain how developmentalists have studiedemotions in infants.
6. Discuss what we learn about infant cognitive andsocial development by studying infant smiling and crying.
7.Â Explain Eriksonâ€™s concept of trust versusmistrust. Give a hypothetical situation of a parentâ€“infantinteraction that leads to the infant developing trust and ahypothetical situation in which the infant would developmistrust.

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1 The sensorimotor stage is the first of the four stages in Piagets theory of cognitive development It extends from birth to approximately 2 years and is a period of rapid cognitive growth During this period infants develop an understanding of the world through trial and error using their senses and actions ie motor movements The sensorimotor stage of development can be broken down into six additional substages including simple reflexes primary circular reactions secondary circular reactions coordination of reactions tertiary circular reactions and early symbolic thought Reflex Acts The first substage first month of life is the stage of reflex acts The neonate responds to external stimulation with innate reflex actions For example if you brush a babys mouth or cheek with your finger it will suck reflexively Primary Circular Reactions The second substage is the stage of primary circular reactions The baby will repeat pleasurable actions centered on its own body For example babies from 1 4 months old will wiggle their fingers kick their legs and suck their thumbs These are not reflex actions They are done intentionally for the sake of the pleasurable stimulation produced Secondary Circular Reactions Next comes the stage of secondary circular reactions It typically lasts from about 4 8 months Now babies repeat pleasurable actions that involve objects as well as actions involving their own bodies An example of this is the infant who shakes the rattle for the pleasure of hearing the sound that it produces Coordinating Secondary Schemes The fourth substage from 8 12 months is the stage of coordinating secondary schemes Instead of simply prolonging interesting events babies now show signs of an ability to use their acquired knowledge to reach a goal For example the infant will not just shake the rattle but will reach out and knock to one side an object that stands in the way of it getting hold of the rattle Tertiary Circular Reactions Fifth comes the stage of tertiary circular reactions These differ from secondary circular reactions in that they are intentional adaptations to specific situations The infant who once explored an object by taking it apart now tries to put it back together For example it stacks the bricks it took out of its wooden truck back again or it puts back the nesting cups one inside the other Symbolic Thought Finally in substage six there is the beginning of symbolic thought This is transitional to the preoperational stage of cognitive development Babies See Answer

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