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What is Hypertension? Describe the four major causes of hypertension.

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Medical Sciences

What is Hypertension? Describe the four major causes ofhypertension.

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Hypertension is a conditiom that is characterised by the increased systolic blood pressure of 140mmHg or greater and siastolic blood pressure of 90mmHg or greater.

The main causes of hypertension are

Primary hypertension is caused by

  • Hereditary factors: People with family history of hypertension has higher chance of being hypertensive.
  • Genetic factors:
    • Low birth weight
    • Obesity
    • Increased dietry sodium consumption
  • Alcoholism
  • Smoking
  • Sedentary lifestyle

Secondary hypertension is caused by

  • Renal diseases
    • Renal parenchymal diseases like acute glomerulonephritis,Chronic nephritis,diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease,hydronephrosis etc..
    • Renovascular diesases
    • Primary retension of sodium
  • Endocrine causes
    • Acromegaly
    • Thyroid disorders
    • hyperparathyroidism
    • Adrenal dysfunctions like cushing's syndrome,Conns syndrome,congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Imbalances in the estrogens,mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
  • Vascular causes like coarcation of aorta
  • Pregnancy
  • Sleep apnoeas
  • stress
  • Neurological diseases like brain tumors,Guillain Barre syndrome,encephalitis etc.
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