Using the red, blue, yellow and green beads, devise and lay outa three color code for each of the following letters (codon). Forexample Z = green : red : green.

In the spaces below the letter,record your “code”.

               E:           H:           I:           K:           L:

_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _

              O:          S:           T:           U:

_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _

Create codons for:   Start:           Stop:           Space:

                _ __           _ __             _ _ _

Using this code, align the beads corresponding to theappropriate letter to write the following sentence (don’t forgetstart, space and stop): The mouse likes mostcheese

How many beads did you use?

There are multiple ways your cellscan read a sequence of DNA and build slightly different proteinsfrom the same strand. We will not go through the process here, butas an illustration of this “alternate splicing”, remove codons(beads) 52 - 66 from your sentence above.

What does the sentence say now? (re-write the entiresentence)

Mutations are simply changes in the sequence of nucleotides.There are three ways this occurs:

1. Change a nucleotide(s)

2. Remove a nucleotide(s)

3. Add a nucleotide(s)

Using the sentence from exercise 2B:

Change the 24^th bead to a different color. What doesthe sentence say now (re-read the entire sentence)? Does thesentence still make sense?

Replace the 24^th bead and remove the 20^thbead (remember what was there). What does the sentence say (re-readthe entire sentence)? Does the sentence still make sense? If itdoesn’t make sense as a sentence, are there any words that do? Ifso, what words still make sense?

Replace the 20^th bead and add one between beadnumbers 50 and 51. What does the sentence say now? Does thesentence still make sense?

In 3.a (above) you mutated one letter. What role do you thinkthe redundancy of the genetic code plays in this type ofchange?

Based on your observations, why do you suppose the mutations wemade in 3.b and 3.c are called frame shift mutations?

Which mutations do you suspect have the greatest consequence?Why?