True or False:
Terrorism, or acts of violence by non-state actors, isdistinguished from criminal acts on the basis of the purpose forwhich violence is carried out. In the case of terrorism, thepurpose is making political changes.
According to a cultural explanation of terrorism, in an attemptto preserve their threatened identity and values, groups activelydistinguish themselves from despised “others.†At the local level,the cultural friction may translate into conflicts divided alongreligious or ethnic lines that aim to safeguard identity.
Globalization has been an effective deterrent against terrorism.The processes of globalization prevent terrorist organizations fromacquiring, manufacturing, and using weapons of massdestruction.
Liberal perspectives in the international political economy(IPE) contends that the global political economy is being shaped bycompetition among states, who seek to maximize their power andsecurity.
Maintenance of fiscal discipline, trade liberalization,deregulation of the economy, etc. are examples of the set of policyprescriptions of the Washington Consensus promoted by the UnitedStates in developing countries.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) wastransformed into the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1995. TheIMF is responsible for managing international trade.
The most favored nation principle has been a bedrock ofinternational trade negotiations. The principle holds that anypreferential trading agreement reached with one country should beextended to other countries.
The theory of comparative advantage argues that all countriesstand to benefit by specializing in the production of goods towhich they are relatively most suited and then trading theirsurplus production with one another.
In an attrition strategy (of terrorism), Terrorists try toconvince the population that the terrorists are strong enough topunish disobedience and that the government is too weak to stopthem, so that people behave as the terrorists wish.
Groups engaged in outbidding (a strategy of terrorism) useviolence to convince the public that the terrorists have greaterresolve to fight the enemy than rival groups, and therefore areworthy of support.
A spoiler strategy of terrorism is an attempt to induce theenemy to respond to terrorism with indiscriminate violence, whichradicalizes the population and moves them to support theterrorists.
Terrorists sometimes resort to hostage taking, airlinehijacking, and explosions announced in advance are generallyintended to use the possibility of harm to bring issues to theattention of the target audience. These actions are referred to asdemonstrative terrorism.
