Regulation of GNG and glycolysis

1. Describe how high energy charge favors gluconeogenesisover glycolysis based on the ratio of [ATP]/[AMP] of high energycharge and allosteric regulation (McKee page 298).
2. Describe how low energy charge measured by low ratio of[ATP]/[AMP] inhibits the rate of GNG based on allosteric regulationof fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase by AMP.
3. Compare the rates of GNG and glycolysis in a liver cellwith low energy charge based on allostericregulation.
4. Differentiate between the blood concentrations ofinsulin and glucagon hormones based on the period after acarbohydrate meal
5. Differentiate between the blood concentrations ofinsulin and glucagon hormones based on fasting period
6. Differentiate between regulation by hormone and energycharge based on the time frame of the response
7. Differentiate between regulation by hormone and energycharge based on the locations in which hormones and allostericeffectors bind with respect to the cell
8. Describe how hormones regulate enzyme activity byphosphorylation based on a series of reactions that start withhormone binding (see video lecture).
9. Differentiate between stimulation of glycolysis and GNGbased on a cell stimulated by insulin
10. Differentiate between stimulation of glycolysis and GNGbased on a cell stimulated by glucagon.
11. Describe how increase in oxaloacetic acid (OAA)concentration stimulates glycolysis based on Le Chatelier’sprinciple.