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Describe two ways for a developer to raise equity (initialcapital) for a development project.Explain the significance of community residents, localpoliticians, and approving bodies (i.e. Dept of City Planning,community boards, etc.) in the regulatory processDescribe two types of liens, and how each can disrupt adevelopment project. What are some measures a developer or generalcontractor can take to prevent these?State and describe at least three types of financialinstitutions that developers typically source loans from.Mezzanine debt is established as an intermediate fundingmechanism that usually supplements the equity investment and firstmortgage. Any traditional lender may use it in negotiations.Typically, deals with mezzanine debt are structured with a 70percent mortgage, 5 to 25 percent mezzanine debt, and the remainderfrom the developer’s equity. Unlike a mortgage, a partnershipinterest is assigned in case the developer defaults on the loan,making mezzanine a convertible debt-equity instrument. Why mightmezzanine debt entice a lender?Describe the function of a construction loan vs. a permanentloan (take-out).Explain the importance of release provisions on purchase moneynotes (PMNs) when trying to obtain development financing fromlenders for land development.When contracts are bid on price per unit, why might asubcontractor deliberately bid high on the item for which thequantity was underestimated? In this case, how is a subcontractorlikely to bid on the other (accurately estimated) items?How does a developer assess the accessibility of a prospectivedevelopment site?
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