1. Ammonia is initially at a temperature of -10° C and a specificvolume of 0.07 m3/kg. The ammonia undergoes an isobaric expansionto a final specific volume of 0.22 m3/kg. Evaluate the specificwork done on the ammonia in kJ/kg and the specific heat transfer tothe ammonia in kJ/kg. Neglect changes in kinetic energy andpotential energy.

2. Carbon dioxide is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly withan initial pressure and temperature of 8 lbf/in2 and 100° F,respectively. The carbon dioxide has a mass of 0.05 lb. The carbondioxide is expanded isothermally to a final volume of 1 ft3. Modelthe carbon dioxide as an ideal gas with constant specific heats.Evaluate the specific heats at 100° F. Determine the amount of workdone on the gas in Btu and the heat transfer to the gas in Btu.Neglect changes in kinetic energy and potential energy.

3. An ideal gas with constant specific heats undergoes a processfrom an initial pressure and specific volume of 80 kPa and 40 m3/kgto a final specific volume of 20 m3/kg. During the process, thehydrogen’s pressure and specific volume are related through theequation given below. In the equation, ?? and ?? are the initialpressure and specific volume of the hydrogen, respectively.Determine the specific work done on the gas in MJ/kg and thespecific heat transfer to the gas in MJ/kg. The ideal gas has amolar mass of 2.0 kg/kmol and a specific heat at constant volume of7.5 kJ/(kg∙K). Neglect changes in kinetic energy and potentialenergy.

   ? = ?? ⋅ [2 − (?/??)]