A friend of yours has twin 5 year old girls and loves to takethem to the pool. You friend tells you, however that the mostannoying thing is that although the girls are asked to pee beforegoing into the pool, they generally say they don't have to pee,just to ask to go pee 5 minutes after being in the pool! \"What's upwith that?!\" your friend asks, \"Could there be something wrong withthe girls, are they just being mischievous? Do you think I shouldtake them to the doctor to see if there is a problem with theirbladders? It only ever happens when they go into the pool\".As a physiology student, apply your knowledge to explainwhy the girls tend to have to pee when they goswimming.

Question 1) Using your knowledge of physiology andcirculation, how does the body respond if it gets cold, as would bethe case during swimming?

1. Which receptor is responsible for detectingcold?
2. What pathway does the information travel up to thebrain?
3. Where in the brain is the informationreceived?
4. To conserve heat, where will blood be directed? To thelimbs, or to the vital organs?
5. How is blood directed?

Question 2) Now that we know where blood is beingdirected when the body gets cold, how does that affect thefollowing?

1. Blood pressure
2. Cardiac output
3. ANS
4. Osmoreceptors, Posterior Pituitary andADH

Questions 3) How do the kidneys respond to the changesthat can occur in blood pressure, cardiac output, ANS,Osmoreceptor, Posterior Pituitary and ADH, as noted in the previousquestions?

1. How do the kidneys respond to changes in bloodpressure?
2. How do the kidneys respond to changes in cardiac outputand blood volume?
3. How do the kidneys respond to changes inANS?
4. How do the kidneys respond to changes detected byosmoreceptors?
5. What hormones regulate water uptake in thekidneys?
6. What are water channels called?
7. In which part (s) of the nephron is waterabsorbed?

Question 4) Now that you have applied your knowledge,what can you tell your friend about their question? Is theresomething wrong? (Yes or no). What is your diagnosis?

******PLEASE INDICATE WHICH QUESTION YOU AREANSWERING