1-If an investigator is systematically varying the delay betweenthe instrumental response and the subsequent delivery of thereinforcer, she is investigating

       
a-temporal contiguity in instrumental conditioning.

       
b-response reinforcer contingency.

       
c-negative contrast.

       
d-delayed conditioning procedures.

2-According to Thorndike what is the function of areinforcer?

       
a-To strengthen the association between a stimulus and aresponse.

       
b-To strengthen the association between a reinforcer and aresponse.

       
c-To strengthen the association between a stimulus and areinforcer.

       
d-To reduce the drives that force animals to action.

3-Which of the following correctly describes the phenomenon of'blocking'?

       
a-Prior conditioning with CS1 increases responding to the addedstimulus CS2.

       
b-Prior conditioning with CS1 prevents conditioning to the addedstimulus CS2.

       
c-Prior conditioning with CS1 is blocked by the new added stimulusCS2.

       
d-Prior conditioning with CS1 is enhanced by the new addedstimulus.

4-In the Lieberman et al. (1979) study just after theinstrumental response, an intense noise (marker) was presented.Under these circumstances, the instrumental learning becameresistant to the delay of reinforcement because

       
a-the marker acts as a conditioned stimulus.

       
b-the marker increases the drive level of the organism.

       
c-the marker increases the activity of the organism.

       
d-the marker helps to distinguish the instrumental response fromother responses.

5-The blocking effect indicates that for the establishment of anassociation between a CS and a US,

       
a-contiguity between a CS and a US is enough.

       
b-US intensity is very important.

       
c-contiguity between a CS and a US is not enough.

       
d-CS type is very important.

6-In which of the contingencies below does the instrumentalresponse procedure an appetitive stimulus?

       
a-Negative reinforcement.

       
b-Punishment.

       
c-Positive reinforcement.

       
d-Omission training.

7-Which of the following findings strongly supports thecompensatory response model?

       
a-The finding that the nature of the CR is identical to the UR.

       
b-The finding that in many classical conditioning situationsinvolving drugs as the US, the form of the CR is opposite the formsof the UR.

       
c-The finding that in higher order conditioning sometimes S-Rrather than S-S types of associations are observed.

       
d-The finding that in sensory preconditioning always S-S typeassociations are observed

8-Under which of the following conditions will the CS beassociated with the US most rapidly?

       
a-If the CS is familiar, relatively weak, and related to the US

       
b-If the CS is novel, relatively intense, and related to theUS.

       
c-If the CS is novel, relatively weak, and not related to theUS.

       
d-If the CS is novel, relatively intense, and not related to theUS.