1.

Identify the adaptation(s) that were not used by plantsto colonize land:

Select one:

a. muscles and cartilage attached to backbones

b. colorful flower petals, flavored nectar and pollen to attractinsects

c. cell walls providing structural support for roots stems andleaves

d. cones, nuts and fruits for seed dispersion

2.

One of the most important consequences of the “oxygenrevolution” for the emergence of multi-cellular life:

Select one:

a. formation of an ozone layer protecting against harmful UVradiation

b. formation of sediments to preserve fossils

c. mass extinctions of fish, trilobites and dinosaurs

d. inspired emerging eukaryotes to “fight the power”

3.

Kelp forests provide critical sources of food and habitat for avariety of marine invertebrates, zooplankton, bivalves and fishspecies. This makes kelp a ____________________species of theirecosystems. Sea otters, in turn, consume __________________ whichfeast on kelp. This makes sea otters aunique  ____________________ species, because they reducethe population of kelp consumers to a sustainable level, whichprevents collapse of the entire ecosystem.

Select one:

a. cornerstone, sea urchins, keystone

b. sensitive, sea urchins, cornerstone

c. keystone, sharks, cornerstone

d. keystone, sharks, sensitive