Write paraphrase of this: Task1: Highway alignment is the center line of the highway or the road...

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Civil Engineering

Write paraphrase of this:

Task1:
Highway alignment is the center line of the highway or the road onthe ground. The road alignment is very important because when theynot prepare it carefully it will cause high building cost, highmaintenance cost and also, an increase in accident. There arerequirement of high alignment like safe, easy, short andeconomical. And there are also factors that should be consideredwhen choosing road alignment. These factors differ and depend onthe type of road and the areas through which these roads pass. Inthis part we will concentrate on or obligatory points which isdefined the highway alignment. It is separated into two parts,negative and positve obligatory points.
positve obligatory points:
these are those points through which the alignment shouldpass.
Existing road: the alignment should be fixed such the newlyconstruction road should link to the existing road.
Intermediate town: if it is possible to have a straight roadbetween point A&B and the intermediate town located at c, thenthe street need to link the intermediate town reducing the changein highway alignment.

Bridge site/Existing Bridge:
This is not adivicable to cross the river in a curve position, wehave to change the alignment in such a way that it crosses theriver in straight line, it should locate in right angle(90o) to theriver flow and not locate in curve position. There are some reasonsfor this, the curve position they keep changing, when you make theright angle the length of the barge it will be short. So, the costof this construction it will be less.   

Negative obligatory points:
When I went to the site and I saw lake or water body , I have tochange this aligment to avoided the lake area. From the stragthline to curve line because of the water body. So, this water bodyis a Negative obligatory

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert
4.2 Ratings (528 Votes)
FACTORS CONTROLLING SELECTION OF ROAD ALIGNMENT There are a number of factors which are to be considered while selecting the alignment of roads These factors also vary according to the type of roads and the areas through which these roads pass 1 CLASS PURPOSE The alignment of the road may be decided keeping in mind the class and purpose of the road National and state highways between two stations should be aligned as straight as possible whereas in the case of other types of roads deviation may be permitted where found necessary 2 OBLIGATORY POINTS The roads are basically constructed for the development of the areas Their alignments should necessarily pass through important towns group of villages and places of religious social political and commercial importance 3 TYPE OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC The alignment should be provided according to the type of vehicular traffic In case of fast moving traffic the road alignment should be as straight as possible whereas in case of bullock carts tongas etc the alignment may even have sharp bends 4 GRADIENT The alignment of roads should be selected so that longitudinal slopes are not steeper than ruling gradient To achieve this the alignment might need a deviation from straight line 5 HORIZONTAL CURVES The alignment of roads should be provided with flat curves wherever found necessary In case of national and state highways the radius of horizontal curve should not be less than 230 m in order to have minimum radius the alignment must be changed 6 SIGHT DISTANCE The alignment of roads should be decided such that minimum sight distance is available for drivers of the vehicles 7 OBSTRUCTIONS The alignment of roads is decided keeping in mind the obstruction For example the alignment should be changed to avoid marshy land ponds wells graveyards historical    See Answer
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