Write 3 paragraphs for reflection and should be do thefollowing:

1. In first paragraph, Summarize thearticle (attached below).
2. In second paragraph, Connect thearticle with one of those \"The Fossil Record of Human BiologicalEvolution\", \"Habitual Bipedalism\" or \"FossilSkeleton\". Be specific about theconnections you make.
3. In third paragraph, Include your ownreflection on what you’ve read/learned. What do you think aboutit?

Article Here: \"Evidence Indicates Humans' EarlyTree-dwelling Ancestors Were Also Bipedal\"

Experiments by a UA anthropologist and his colleagues show thatfossil footprints made 3.6 million years ago are the earliestdirect evidence of early hominins using the kind of efficient,upright posture and gait now seen in modern humans. More than threemillion years ago, the ancestors of modern humans were stillspending a considerable amount of their lives in trees, butsomething new was happening. David Raichlen, an assistant professorin the University of Arizona School of Anthropology, and hiscolleagues at the University at Albany and City University of NewYork's Lehman College have developed new experimental evidenceindicating that these early hominins were walking with a human-likestriding gait as long as 3.6 million years ago. The results oftheir research appears in Monday's edition of PLoS ONE, a journalfrom the Public Library of Science. A trackway of fossil footprintspreserved in volcanic ash deposited 3.6 million years ago wasuncovered in Laetoli, Tanzania, more than 30 years ago. Thesignificance of those prints for human evolution has been debatedever since. The most likely individuals to have produced thesefootprints, which show clear evidence of bipedalism, or walking ontwo legs, would have been members of the only bipedal species alivein the area at that time, Australopithecus afarensis. That speciesincludes \"Lucy,\" whose skeletal remains are the most complete ofany individual A. afarensis found to date. A number of features inthe hips, legs and back of this group indicate that they would havewalked on two legs while on the ground. But the curved fingers andtoes as well as an upward-oriented shoulder blade provide solidevidence that Lucy and other members of her species also would havespent significant time climbing in trees. This morphology differsdistinctly from our own genus, Homo, who abandoned arboreal lifearound 2 million years ago and irrevocably committed to human-likebipedalism. Since the Laetoli tracks were discovered, scientistshave debated whether they indicate a modern human-like mode ofstriding bipedalism, or a less-efficient type of crouchedbipedalism more characteristic of chimpanzees whose knees and hipsare bent when walking on two legs. To resolve this, Raichlen andhis colleagues devised the first biomechanical experimentexplicitly designed to address this question. The team built a sandtrackway in Raichlen's motion capture lab at the UA and filmedhuman subjects walking across the sand. The subjects walked bothwith normal, erect human gaits and then with crouched,chimpanzee-like gaits. Three-dimensional models of the footprintswere collected by biological anthropologist Adam Gordon usingequipment brought from his Primate Evolutionary MorphologyLaboratory at the University at Albany. The researchers examinedthe relative depth of footprints at the heel and toe, and foundthat depths are about equal when made by a person walking with anerect gait. In contrast, the toe print is much deeper than the heelprint when produced by a crouched gait, a product of the timing ofweight transfer over the length of the foot. \"Based on previousanalyses of the skeletons of Australopithecus afarensis, weexpected that the Laetoli footprints would resemble those ofsomeone walking with a bent knee, bent hip gait typical ofchimpanzees, and not the striding gait normally used by modernhumans,\" Raichlen said. \"But to our surprise, the Laetolifootprints fall completely within the range of normal humanfootprints.\" The fossil footprints at Laetoli preserve a remarkablyeven depth at the toe and heel, just like those of modern humans.\"This more human-like form of walking is incredibly energeticallyefficient, suggesting that reduced energy costs were very importantin the evolution of bipedalism prior to the origins of our owngenus, Homo,\" Raichlen said. If the Laetoli footprints were made byLucy's species, as most scientists agree to be the case, theseexperimental results have interesting implications for the timingof evolutionary events. \"What is fascinating about this study isthat it suggests that, at a time when our ancestors had an anatomywell-suited to spending a significant amount of time in the trees,they had already developed a highly efficient, modern human-likemode of bipedalism,\" said Gordon. \"The fossil record indicates thatour ancestors did not make a full-time commitment to leaving thetrees and walking on the ground until well over a million yearsafter these (Laetoli) prints were made. The fact that partiallytree-dwelling animals, like Lucy, had such a remarkably modern gaitis a testament to the importance of energetic efficiency in movingaround on two legs,\" Gordon said. \"Laetoli Footprints PreserveEarliest Direct Evidence of Human-like Bipedal Biomechanics\" willbe published in PLoS ONE on Monday, March 22 and can be accessedonline.