Which of the following best describes the source ofthe carbon skeleton for synthesizing non-essential amino acids?
A.   Glutamate
B.    Acetyl coenzyme A
C.    Carbohydrates
D.   Essential amino acids
The use of proteins for energy begins with which ofthe following processes?
A.   Deamination
B.    Hydroxylation
C.    Oxidation
D. Polymerization
A 56-year-old woman with chronic liver disease isbrought to the physician because of confusion, a depressed level ofconsciousness, personality changes, and intellectual impairment.Laboratory tests support a diagnosis that the woman is sufferingfrom liver encephalopathy. Which of the following blood factors isthe most likely cause of this condition?
A.   Ammonia
B.    Ammonium
C.    Arginine
D.   Citrulline
Which of the following substances best describesdeaminated alanine?
A.   Acetoacetic acid
B.    Acetyl coenzyme A
C.    Glucose
D.   Lactic acid
E. Pyruvic acid
An increase in blood levels of which of the followingsubstances promotes breakdown of proteins in most tissues?
A.   Estrogen
B.    Glucocorticoid
C.    Growth hormone
D.   Insulin
