What role do variability and statistical methods play in
controlling quality?
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What role do variability and statistical methods play incontrolling quality?
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IntroductionThe quality of products and services is an important factor inmost businesses today Regardless of whether the consumer is anindividual a corporation a military defense program or a retailstore when the consumer is making purchase decisions he or she islikely to consider quality of equal importance to cost and ontimedelivery Consequently quality improvement has become a majorconcern to many corporationsA welloperated documented management system provides thenecessary foundation for the successful application of SQC Notehowever that SQC is not just a collection of techniquesIt is astrategy for reducing variability the root cause of many qualityproblems SQC refersnto the use of statistical methods to improveand enhance quality and through it customer satisfaction Howeverthis task is seldom trivial because real world processes areaffected by numerous uncontrolled factors For instance withinevery factory conditions fluctuate with time Variations occur inthe incoming materials in machine conditions in the environmentand in operator performance A steel plant for example maypurchase good quality ore from a mine but the physical andchemical characteristics of ore coming from different locations inthe mine may vary Thus everything isnt always in controlAnother prospect in which statistical methods can help toimprove product quality is the design of products and processes Itis now wellunderstood that over 23rd of all product malfunctionsmay be traced to their design Indeed the characteristics orquality of a product depend greatly on the choice of materialssettings of various parameters in the design of the product and theproduction process settings In order to locate an optimal settingof the various parameters which gives the best product we mayconsider using models governing the outcome and the variousparameters if such models can be established by theory or throughexperimental workInput factors Process Output responsesx1 x2 x3 y fx y1 y2 y3There are various definitions of quality The classicaldefinition is that quality means fitness for use For example youor I may purchase automobiles that we expect to be free ofmanufacturing defects and that should provide reliable andeconomical transportation a retailer buys finished goods
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