What is the basic reaction by which biological monomers formpolymers?
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration
C. mechanical displacement
If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentrationof dissolved substances than the cell, the
A. environment is isotonic to the cell
B. environment is hypertonic to the cell
C. cell will not experience a net gain or loss of water
D. environment is hypotonic to the cell.
E. cell will die
Cell theory states that
A. life is spontaneously generated
B. New cells come only from pre-existing cells
C. cells can form from non-organic material
In a neutral atom, protons are always
A. equal to the electrons
B. equal to the neutrons
C. more than the electrons
D. less than the electrons
Water is best described as which of the following?
A. an ion
B. a non-polar molecule
C. an atom
D. a polar molecule
What allows a cell to maintain it shape?
A. the cell takes up water to remain round
B. the Golgi apparatus
C. the cytoskeleton
How do eukaryotic cells form tissues?
A. they are each either positively or negatively charged and areattracted to each other
B. their cell membranes fuse
C. they connect via the extracellular matrix
The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step bystep instead of a single, big reaction is
A. cells don't store enough oxygen
B. cells don't have many mitochondria.
C. too much energy would be released for the cell to harness
D. cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respirationvery slowly
Isotopes of the same element are different from one another inthat they have a different number of
A. neutron
B. electrons
C. protons
The energy to power the Calvin cycle comes from
A. cellular respiration
B. the light reactions of photosynthesis
C. oxygen
Which of the following can be broken down into intermediateproducts that enter cellular respiration?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. All of these.
Name three organelles that are unique to plant cells.
A. mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes
B. Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum
C. cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast
If a cell has a greater concentration of dissolved substancesthan its surrounding environment, the cell
A. is hypertonic to the environment
B. is isotonic to the environment
C. is hypotonic to the environment
D. will not experience a net gain or loss of water
E. will die
In animal cells the primary organelle that generates moleculesof ATP is the
A. ribosome
B. lysosome
C. Golgi body
D. mitochondrion
The structure that easily distinguishes a plant cell from ananimal cell is
A. chloroplasts
B. nucleus
C. plasma membrane
D. mitochondria
When a plant becomes dried out
A. stomata (leaf pores) close, decreasing gas exchange
B. stomata open, decreasing gas exchange
C. stomata close, increasing gas exchange
D. stomata open, increasing gas exchange
Which is the main component of cell membranes?
A. Cholesterol
B. Sucrose
C. proteins
D. Phospholipids
The molecule that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis is
A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. glucose
D. chlorophyll
E. sunlight
A cell produces 36 ATPs per glucose, however, if you calculatedthe total energy in a glucose molecule, 90 ATPs should begenerated. Why is this so?
A. Some of the energy is destroyed
B. Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell
C. Some energy is lost as heat
Organic molecules are best defined as chemical compounds thatcontain
A. carbon
B. carbon and oxygen
C. carbon and hydrogen
The first stage of cellular respiration, called ___________,takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen.
A. glycolysis
B. citric acid cycle
C. photorespiration
D. oxidation
The products of cellular respiration are
A. carbon dioxide, glucose, and water
B. glucose, water, and ATP
C. glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP
D. oxygen, ATP, and water
E. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
The second energy shell of an atom contains a maximum of________ electron(s).
A. one
B. two
C. four
D. eight
Making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of____________ to help the reactions begin
A. heat
B. oil
C. enzymes
D. blood
The term \"functional\" is used in the phrase \"functional group\"because it describes a group of atoms
A. that react a certain way with other molecules
B. that make the entire molecule hydrophobic
C. that are organic
What is an enzyme?
A. a protein that facilitates a reaction
B. a protein that supplies water for hydrolysis reactions
C. a protein that absorbs water during dehydration reactions
The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants isthe
A. chloroplast
B. mitochondria
C. ribosome
D. chlorophylllysosome
What kind is it when one atom takes an electron from anotheratom?
A. ionic
B. covalent
C. hydrogen
How do we dispose of the carbon derived from the glucose that ismetabolized during respiration?
A. via our urine
B. by breathing out
C. it is broken down in lysosomes
What kind of reaction is photosynthesis?
A. exergonic
B. kinetic energy
C. endergonic
D. potential energy
E. equilibrium
The enzyme that forms a transmembrane channel in mitochondriaand phosphorylates ADP
A. a carrier protein
B. acetyl CoA
C. ATP synthase
Diffusion
A. requires energy
B. utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane
C. moves molecules against a concentration gradient
D. cannot occur without a membrane present
E. does not require energy
The Calvin cycle
A. produces three-carbon chains from CO2
B. produces ATP
C. degrades carbon chains
What is energy?
A. the capacity to do work
B. what holds an atom's nucleus together
C. the decay of neutrons
Eukaryotes such as animal and plants cells differ fromprokaryotes in that prokaryotes
A. lack protein
B. lack DNA
C. lack a nucleus
What is G3P? What is it used for?
A. it is the first product of photosynthesis; used to make allpolymers
B. it is formed following use of ATP, and functions as acarrier
C. it closes leaf pores and prevents the leaf from dryingout
The prokaryotic structure that would protect a cell from dryingout
A. cell wall
B. nucleus
C. plasma membrane
Although water has no overall charge, how and why does it formhydrogen bonds?
A. it is slippery
B. it is polar
C. it is liquid
How do the cells in one individual recognize each other as“self†and the cells of a transplanted organ as “not self�
A. the cells of each individual have unique transmembranerecognition proteins
B. each individual has unique DNA
C. each individual has a unique cell wall
Entropy is
A. order
B. complexity
C. disorder
D. Both order and disorder are correct
E. Both complexity and disorder are correct
Glycolysis takes place in the _____________ and the citric acidcycle and electron transport chain take place in the___________.
A. cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
B. mitochondria, chloroplast
C. cytoplasm; mitochondria
D. mitochondria; cytoplasm
If an atom has an outer shell that is full it is
A. highly reactive
B. highly likely to combine with other atoms
C. highly unlikely to combine with other atoms
Reactions that tend to go on their own, releasing energy, arecalled:
A. endergonic
B. exergonic
C. catalytic
D. productive
How does chlorophyll function in photosynthesis?
A. by absorbing the sun's energy
B. by absorbing carbon dioxide
C. by absorbing water
The energy source for the process of photosynthesis is
A. oxygen
B. sunlight
C. carbon dioxide
D. chlorophyll
E. glucose
The energy required to start a chemical reaction is called:
A. exergonic energy
B. endergonic energy
C. kinetic energy
D. activation energy
E. catalytic energy
During adsorption of sunlight by photosystems, H+ ions aregenerated. Where do they come from? What are they used for?
A. water; they help form sugar
B. from the breakdown of sugar; they help form water
C. from carbon dioxide; they help dissolve NaCl
Why is consuming on a sugar-free diet, without reducing overallcaloric intake, not necessarily effective?
A. all food groups feed into the respiration pathway
B. our body builds sugar from excess protein and fat
C. extra sugar is stored in our blood stream
Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule forcells?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Nucleic acid
C. Protein
D. Lipids
ATP contains
A. three phosphate groups
B. two phosphate groups
C. three nitrate groups
D. phenylalanine
