What historical events led to the discovery of water-borne pathogens? (b) What municipal drinking water disinfection method...

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Civil Engineering

What historical events led to the discovery of water-bornepathogens?
(b) What municipal drinking water disinfection method led tosignificant reductions in water-borne pathogenic diseases incities?
(c) What is the main disadvantage of the disinfection methodlisted in part (b)?

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a Historical events led to the discovery of waterborne pathogens The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System WBDOSS has tracked waterborne disease outbreaks since the 1970s The system collects information on when and where the outbreak occurred the source of contamination the agents that caused the illness the number of people who got sick and the demographic characteristics and symptoms documented on standardized forms These data have been routinely reported and informs the development of Drinking Water Regulations and Recreational Water Regulations 1920s Waterborne disease reporting began in the United States Some health departments tracked outbreaks before that time 19701979 1971 CDC EPA and CSTE launch the national Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System WBDOSS Foodborne and waterborne disease outbreaks reported to the same surveillance system Waterborne outbreak defined as two or more cases epidemiologically linked to consumption of water from municipal semipublic or individual drinking water systems Individual water system defined as wells or springs used exclusively by single residences in areas without municipal systems 1974 Added single cases of chemical poisoning when public health investigation indicated that drinking water was contaminated by a chemical First record of recreational waterassociated Pontiac fever involving exposure to a whirlpool 1976 Redefined individual water systems as wells or springs used by single or several residences or by persons traveling outside populated areas for example backpackers 1978 Recreational waterborne outbreaks added which included infections or intoxications but excluded wound infections Foodborne and waterborne outbreaks moved to separate surveillance systems and started reporting separately 1979 Redefined drinking water systems as community systems noncommunity systems and individual systems 1976 definition for individual system 19801989 1980 First record of Pseudomonas dermatitis related to whirlpools hot tub See Answer

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