We are fighting what seems to be a losing battle against antibiotic-resistant Gram negative bacteria, such...

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We are fighting what seems to be a losing battle againstantibiotic-resistant Gram negative bacteria, such asâ€œbeta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaeceaeâ€ (BLPE). BLPE seemedto arise all of a sudden in response to the common use ofpenicillin to treat infections caused by Enterobacteriaeceae.
A. BLPE are resistant to all of the following antibiotics. Foreach, state the antibioticâ€™s mode of action, and explain the mostlikely resistance mechanism. Ceftriaxone TetracyclineAminoglycosides Vancomycin
B. If we only overused Penicillin, how could that lead suddenlyto the development of resistance to all of these differentantibiotics, especially Tetracycline and Aminoglycosides?
C. BLPE can still be treated with Polymyxins. How do Polymyxinswork, and why would physicians be reluctant to use them in apatient unless absolutely necessary?

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Introduction What are BPLE Enterobacteriaceae are gram negative bacteria which include Ecoli Ypestis Klebsiella Shigella Proteus Serratia etc Mostly Ecoli Klebsiella produce Beta lactamase also called as Penicillinase which can hydrolyse the Betalactam ring in penicillins Thus the antibiotics become ineffective BPLE now became a major concern due to their resistance to many antibiotics Answer for A A Mechanism of action of Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone acts similar to penicillins by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis in the susceptible organisms The main difference lies with the targeted proteins in the cell wall while Penicillins bind to the Penicillin binding proteins PBP ceftriaxone similar but different proteins Eventually cell wall deficient forms of bacteria are developed which swell burst due to hyperosmosis cytolysis occurs that leads to cell death Possible resistance mechanism Possible causes of resistance would be due to i See Answer

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