Using the following definition to determine if the childin each case study has a mental disorder. If there’s not enoughinformation in the case study, identify any other information youwould need to determine if he or she meets the DSM-5definition: A mental disorder is a syndrome characterizedby clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition,emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in thepsychological, biological, or developmental processes underlyingmental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated withsignificant distress or disability in social, occupational, orother important activities. An expectable or culturally approvedresponse to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a lovedone, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior (e.g.,political, religious, sexual) and conflicts that are primarilybetween the individual and society are not mental disorders unlessthe deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in theindividual, as described above.

Margaret wets the bed at night. Her parents discover herwet the next morning and spend a great deal of time and energywashing her pajamas and bedding. _______________

Shawn is afraid to ride elevators. Every time he is inan elevator, he experiences intense feelings of panic. He tries toavoid elevators whenever he can. ____________________

Charlotte is a teenage girl whose father died of a heartattack. Charlotte isn’t eating or sleeping well. She can’tconcentrate on her homework or activities at school. Sometimes, atnight, she talks with her father about her day before she fallsasleep. She also thinks a lot about death._____________________

Jordan was slow to reach many developmental milestones,including sitting up and walking. Most striking are Jordan’s markeddelays in language. He has limited vocabulary, struggles to recitethe alphabet or recognize letters, and has difficulty counting. Healso has problems performing self-care tasks typical of childrenhis age, such as dressing, bathing, and grooming.___________________

Corey is an 8-year-old boy who shows significantproblems with hyperactivity and impulsiveness at home. “Corey isalways on the go. Watching him tires me out,” his mother reported.Corey has difficulty remaining seated during meals, constantlyfidgets with objects around the house, talks incessantly, andengages in high-rate behavior. “He’s very impulsive,” she added._____________________