Unit 5 Vocabulary Matching Introduction to Genetics 1 Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed 2 Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait 3 Genetic makeup of an organism 4 Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes 5 Sex cell 6 Having two different alleles for a particular gene 7 One of different forms of a gene 8 Having two identical alleles for a particular gene 9 Physical characteristics of an organism 12 Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent A Trait B Codominance C Polygenic trait D Gene 10 Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis 11 Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell 15 Scientific study of heredity 16 Separation of alleles during gamete formation 17 Likelihood that a particular event will occur E Hybrid F Genotype G Haploid H Fertilization I Melosis J Diploid K Genetics 13 Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes 14 Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis 18 Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits 19 One of Mendel s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes L Punnett square M Phenotype N Principle of dominance O Crossing over P Heterozygous Q Incomplete dominance 20 Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross 21 Gene that has more than two alleles 22 Specific characteristic of an individual 23 Trait controlled by two or more genes R Independent assortment 24 Mendel s second conclusion which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive S Gamete thor allele T Allele U Homozygous V Homologous W Segregation X Multiple allele 25 Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell Y Probability Z Tetrad