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Time series analysis,' Attrition,' Control variables,' Bias,' Pigouvian ana~ysis,' Positive analysis; Quasi-experimental; Observational data,' Structural Modelling; Regression line,' Reduced form estimates; Structural Estimates,' Cross-sectional regression; normative analysis,' Stochastic equation

11. _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - is a statistical method for assessing the relationship between two variables while holding other factors constant

12.------------------------- is used to measure causal effects

with observational data is while documenting the correlation between the variables of interest

over time

13. ________________________________________

explains a situation that arises naturally when changes in the economic environment (such as a policy change) create nearly

identical groups that can be used to study the effect of that policy change

14. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ attempt to estimate not just reduced

form responses to the environment but the actual underlying features of utility functions

15. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tell us about features of utility that

drive individual decisions, such as substitution and income effects

17.------------------------- are included in cross-sectional regression models to account for differences between groups that can lead to bias.

16. ________________________________________

n1easures of the impact of a particular change on an observable variable like labor supply

Examiner: Nana Nimo Appiah-AgyekUlTI (PhD) Page 3 of8

Student ID Number_ _ - - - - - - - -

18. ________________________________________

Ineasures the best linear

approximation to the relationship between any two variables. 19._______________________ explainsthereductioninthesizeof

20.

21.

________________________________________

22.

23.

24.

The displacement effect explains the government growth in most developed countries by focusing attention to the following except the

samples over time, which can lead to bias estimates if not random.

experiments.

Circletherightanswerfrom thelistofoptionsprovidedundereachquestion

Which of the following is tnle about empirical public finance relative to other arms of public finance?

relates to data generated by individual behavior from the real world, not In the context of deliberately designed

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