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There was a maths tutoring organisation called Pony Lovers’Maths (PLM), which provides tuition for children in school-basedmathematics by using ponies as the basis for most of thecalculations. This business is a not-for-profit social enterprise.The classroom will house a maximum of 7 people at a time (6children and 1 teacher) for 3 hours each work day (5 days per week)during school term and holiday periods, but NOT on Public Holidays(10 working days per year). That is, 50 weeks per year.
Part of the workplace health and safety (WHS) requirements tooperate is to make available toilet facilities. Also, the ChildProtection Act 1999 of Queensland1 requirement is to require forall children to be supervised while that present on the premises.Although there are toilet facilities in another building about 100metres away in another building, the teacher needs to remain withthe other children. Consequently, PLM needs to consider the cost ofbuilding a toilet within PLM complex. The classroom and 2 stableshas a total roof area of 16 metres long by 6 metres wide. The fullroof area is used for collecting rainwater that fills a 25,000litre tank. There is no other source of water for the building. TheToowoomba Regional Council does not provide sewerage to the sitedue to its distance away from the city. The building hassolar-generated electricity that is backed-up by the electricitygrid when the solar panels are not in use at night.
OPTION 1: to build a water closet toilet (the type of toiletnormally used in Australian buildings). Because there is nosewerage provided by the council, a septic system (provided byeco-safe waste water treatment) would need to be purchased andinstalled for $12,500, and the cost of running the electrical pumpis around $30 per year (based on non-solar sources). The Eco-safesystem is treated by J & K Wastewater services for $250 eachyear, plus an average of $60 each year for replacement parts andmaintenance. The water from this wastewater tank is not suitablefor drinking but can be used to irrigate the paddock and generategrass growth. This will reduce the amount of money needed to buypackaged horse-feed, to the value of $225 per year onaverage.
The link below gives further information.
https://www.ecosafe.com.au/
OPTION 2: to build an Earth closet toilet; a self-containedself-composting, 4 chamber toilet at a cost of $2,254. The systemuses a 12 volt/5 Watt fan to keep odours away. This 5 Watt per hourfan runs at all times, and is charged at 30 cents per KWh duringthe 12 hours of night when solar panels are not operating.Installment also requires the installment of an odour vent pipe($80 cost plus $100 to install) and an underground drain and gravelpit for draining the liquid waste ($600 total cost of digging,gravel, parts plus installation). The gravel pit must be maintainedand not have any additional soil over the pit, which will reducethe usefulness of this area of land. Professional maintenance willcost $200 each year.
In addition, you will need to include the cost of one pack of“Nature Quick Microbes” at $18 for each chamber of the system.These Microbes will need to be added to each chamber twice eachyear. You will also need 2 bottles a year of “Nature Flush Enzymesconcentrate” for $33 each. The link that describes more about thissystem is given below. (You should select the 4 chamber option tosee the price of $2,254 for “Nature Loo Excelet with ChamberScreen” in the link in Footnote 2, below)2:

StatisticElement                                                    January  February   March   April  May   June   July  August   September   October  November   December
Mean rainfall (mm) for years 1869 to2007            132.1       121.1       94.6     61.9   58.4  56.8     52     39.5       46.7            72.2        89.5            120
Other Information is Below:
Litres per sq. metre of roofing for 1mm ofrain          1
Sq. metres area ofroof                                             96
Monthly drinking water usage for horses (Litres (L)) 3200 L
Other water usage per month (Litres(L))                  1000 L
Water usage Per Year for flushing toilet in Waste Water System

                                                                                  35,000 L
Rainwater tank capacity (Litres(L))                          25,000 L
Beginning volume of rainwater as at 1 October (Litres (L))70%
                                                                                  17,500 L
Using the accepted rainwater collection ratio of 1 millimetre (mm)of rainwater creates 1 litre of rainwater collection per squaremetre of roofing and PLM’s buildings floor area is 96 squaremetres, calculate the potential average monthly rainwatercollection assuming there is an average monthly rainfall of 79mm.

2. Calculate the costs to set up each of the 2 toilet systemoptions AND to run the system for the first 12 months afterinstallation.
(5 marks for water closet system; 5 marks for Earth closet system =10 marks)