The vertebrate limb bud is an ideal model system for exploring the genetic regulation of development. (A)...

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Biology

The vertebrate limb bud is an ideal model system forexploring the genetic regulation of development.
(A) In the context of limb development, definethe abbreviation \"ZPA\". What is the major morphogen that issecretes? 2 marks
(B)Â Â (i) What axisis patterned by the ZPA in limb development? Describe ONEexperiment demonstrating the function of theZPA.Â Â 4 marks
(ii) In THREE dot points, describe how thismorphogen patterns structures in the autopod. 3marks
C) In FOUR dot points, describe theintracellular signalling pathway that is activated by the main ZPAmorphogen.Â Â 4 marks
D) A change in this morphogen underlies limbloss in snakes. At the genetic level, what is this change and whatis the resulting change to the morphogen?Â Â 2marks

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1Ans The limb bud remains dynamic all through a lot of appendage improvement as it animates the creation and positive feedback retention of two flagging locales the AER and its resulting making of the zone of polarizing activity ZPA with the mesenchymal cells Notwithstanding the dorsalventral hub made by the ectodermal articulation of competitive Wnt7a and BMP signals respectively these AER and ZPA flagging focuses are significant to the best possible arrangement of an appendage that is accurately situated with its relating hub extremity in the creating organism Because these flagging frameworks proportionally support each others actions appendage advancement is independent after these flagging areas have been built up SHH is discharged from the zone of polarizing action ZPA where it signs to the appendage bud mesenchyme and setsup a back toforemost inclination of positional data Enmity among SHH and BMP motioning by managing the statement of the BMP opponent Gremlin regulates the articulation of Fgf ligand in the apical ectodermal edge AER which thus flags back to the ZPA and mesenchyme Transformations in the longago ZRS prompt ectopic articulation in the foremost space of the appendage bud notwithstanding the ZPA which disturbs these flagging occasions and changed digit number and personality The polarizing action of the ZPA is intervened by the emitted factor Shh Ectopic expression of Shh in the front piece of the appendage bud imitates the impacts of the ZPA joins proposing that this factor plays a significant See Answer

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