The three forms of open neural tube defect are anencephaly, craniorachischisis and spina bifida. Explain the embryological origin...

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Biology

The three forms of open neural tube defect areanencephaly,
craniorachischisis and spina bifida. Explain the embryologicalorigin of
these disorders, with reference to the morphological events thatoccur
during normal mammalian neural tube closure. In your answerdescribe
what is known of the causes of these disorders, at the cellularand
molecular level? (500words)

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3.9 Ratings (346 Votes)

Answer a Anencephalycraniorachischisis and spina bifidaPrimary Neurulation Subtypes of NTDs Relate to Stages ofClosureIn the prospective brain and most of the spinal cord neuraltube formation essentially involves the bending of theneuroepithelium at the midline to generate neural folds thatelevate meet and fuse in the dorsal midline primaryneurulation Rather than simultaneously rolling up along theextent of the rostrocaudal axis neural tube closure isdiscontinuous with distinct sites of initiation located atcharacteristic axial levels Moreover the morphological andmolecular requirements for closure vary along the body axis suchthat an individual NTD usually affects only a portion of the neuraltube NTDs can thus be attributed to failure of particularinitiation events or disruption of the progression of closurebetween these sitesIn mice closure is first achieved on embryonic day 85 at thelevel of the hindbraincervical boundary closure 1 Figure1a and failure of this event leads tocraniorachischisis Closure initiates at a secondsite on See Answer

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