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The robotic space probe was sent to explore the Martian climate and take photos of the planet on December 11, 1998. The way to Mars took around 9 months. On September 23, 1999, the Orbiter was supposed to produce a retroburn, head over to Highly Elliptical Orbit with a 4-hour period, and enter an orbit in two months.

At the designated time at 193-km height, Orbiter started to spin down. In five minutes, it headed towards Mars and disappeared forever. The analysis of mistakes showed that the probe lowered to 57 km over the surface instead of the planned 110 km and collapsed in the atmosphere.

The breakdown happened due to incorrect calculations. The teams that were working on the development used different measurements: NASA calculated the final stage parameters in the metric system, while Lockheed Martin engineers used the British system. As a result, the craft descended 53 km lower than it was supposed. $193.1 million were spent on spacecraft development alone, not including the price of thelaunch and mission operation.


Required:
a) By referring to the case scenario, identify and explain any THREE (3) information system problem areas. (15 marks)

b) In your opinion, explain any ONE (1) factor that had contributed to the Mars Climate Orbiter's failure. Provide justifications to support your viewpoint.

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