The length of the essay does not exceed 800 words in APA format Discuss the fundamentals of...

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The length of the essay does not exceed 800 words in APAformat
Discuss the fundamentals of factorial design including maineffects and interaction effect using a 2 × 2 factor design. Useyour own hypothetical example for illustration.

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The results of factorial experiments with two independentvariables can be graphed by representing one independent variableon the xaxis and representing the other by usingdifferent colored bars or lines The yaxis is alwaysreserved for the dependent variable Figure 93 shows results fortwo hypothetical factorial experiments The top panel shows theresults of a 2 2 design Time of day day vs night isrepresented by different locations on the xaxis and cellphone use no vs yes is represented by differentcolored barsIt would also be possible to represent cell phone use on thexaxis and time of day as differentcolored bars Thechoice comes down to which way seems to communicate the resultsmost clearly The bottom panel of Figure 93 shows the results ofa 4 2 design in which one of the variables is quantitative Thisvariable psychotherapy length is represented along thexaxis and the other variable psychotherapy type isrepresented by differently formatted lines This is a line graphrather than a bar graph because the variable on the xaxis isquantitative with a small number of distinct levels Line graphsare also appropriate when representing measurements made over atime interval also referred to as time series information on thexaxisFigure 93 Two Ways to Plot the Results of a FactorialExperiment With Two Independent VariablesMAINEFFECTSIn factorial designs there are three kinds of results that areof interest main effects interaction effects and simple effectsA main effect is the effect of one independentvariable on the dependent variableaveraging across the levels ofthe other independent variable Thus there is one main effect toconsider for each independent variable in the study The top panelof Figure 93 shows a main effect of cell phone use because drivingperformance was better on average when participants were notusing cell phones than when they were The blue bars are onaverage higher than the red bars It also shows a main effect oftime of day because driving performance was better during the daythan during the nightboth when participants were using cell phonesand when they were not Main effects are independent of each otherin the sense that whether or not there is a main effect of oneindependent variable says nothing about whether or not there is amain effect of the other The bottom panel of Figure 93 forexample shows a clear main effect of psychotherapy length Thelonger the psychotherapy the better it workedINTERACTIONSThere is an interaction effect or justinteraction when the effect of one independent variable dependson the level of another Although this might seem complicated youalready have an intuitive understanding of interactions As aneveryday example assume your friend asks you to go to a movie withanother friend Your response to her is well it depends on whichmovie you are going to see and who else is coming You really wantto see the big blockbuster summer hit but have little interest inseeing the cheesy romantic comedy In other words there is a maineffect of type of movie on your decision If your decision to go tosee either of these movies further depends on who she is See Answer

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