The Enron debacle in the US was the first major corporate scandal to rivet public attention. Beginning as a natural gas company operating a pipeline, Enron grew rapidly in the deregulated marketplace it and other energy companies lobbied Congress to create. It bought up electricity-generating plants and branched out from the energy field into broadband cable, newsprint, and other industries. But by late 2001 it was filing for bankruptcy and the company and a number of its top executives were under investigation for multiple potential frauds. One was hiding debts through hundreds of offshore subsidiaries to make it appear as if its profits were much greater than they were and thus to drive up its stock price. Since the Enron revelations, an avalanche of other major corporate scandals and accusations of white-collar crime had been reported almost daily involving companies such as Dynegy, CMS Energy, AOL Time Warner, and Merck. Most of these practices had been aimed at artificially and often illegally pumping up a company's profits, which in turn results in pumping up a company's stock price. Top executives usually hold options to buy a stock at a fixed price and stand to gain many millions by selling it when the stock price goes up -- and before it goes down after its questionable practices become public. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in his July 2002 testimony before Congress on the mounting corporate scandals said: "Too many corporate executives sought ways to harvest...stock market gains. As a result, the highly desirable spread of shareholding and options among business managers perversely created incentives to artificially inflate reported earnings in order to keep stock prices high and rising." Explain why law enforcement and regulatory agencies have not been effective in controlling white-collar and corporate crime. Give Canadian examples for comparison.