Testing the goodness of fit between the data and theHardy Weinberg equilibrium model generatedexpectations.

4.1 In a species of bird, feather color is controlled bygenes at a single locus, with the red feather allele dominant tothe yellow feather allele. A population has 22 red and 14 yellowbirds, with 9 of the red birds having a homozygous dominantgenotype. Is this population in equilibrium?

Calculate p and q from the number of individuals of eachgenotype:

p = ____

q = ____

Calculate the expected frequency of each genotype if thepopulation is in equilibrium:

_____ = Frequency of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____ = Frequency of heterozygousindividuals

_____ = Frequency of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Calculate the expected number of individuals of eachgenotype in a population of 36 birds if the gene is inequilibrium:

_____   = Number of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Number of heterozygousindividuals

_____ = Number of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Test how well your data fits the expected values fromthe equilibrium model:

_____ = Chi-square test statistic

_____ = P value

_____ (y/n) in equilibrium?

4.2 In a species of mouse, tail length is controlled bygenes at a single locus, with the long tail allele dominant to theshort tail allele. A population has 49 long tail and 25 short tailmice, with 22 of the long tail mice having a homozygous dominantgenotype. Is this population in equilibrium?

Calculate p and q from the number of individuals of eachgenotype:

p = _____

q = _____

Calculate the expected frequency of each genotype if thepopulation is in equilibrium:

_____   = Frequency of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Frequency of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Frequency of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Calculate the expected number of individuals of eachgenotype in a population of 74 mice if the gene is inequilibrium:

_____   = Number of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Number of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Number of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Test how well your data fits the expected values fromthe equilibrium model:

_____ Chi-square test statistic

______ P value

_____ (y/n) in equilibrium?

4.3 In humans, the hitchhiker’s thumb trait is controlledby genes at a single locus, with the non-hitchhiker’s thumb alleledominant to the hitchhiker’s thumb allele. A population has 46people that do not have the hitchhiker’s thumb and 21 that do. Ofthe humans without a hitchhiker’s thumb, 19 have a homozygousdominant genotype. Is this population in equilibrium?

Calculate p and q from the number of individuals of eachgenotype:

p = _____

q = _____

Calculate the expected frequency of each genotype if thepopulation is in equilibrium:

_____   = Frequency of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Frequency of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Frequency of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Calculate the expected number of individuals of eachgenotype in a population of 67 humans if the gene is inequilibrium:

_____   = Number of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Number of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Number of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Test how well your data fits the expected values fromthe equilibrium model:

_____   Chi-square test statistic

______ P value

_____ (y/n) in equilibrium?

4.4 In a certain species of prickly pear, having straightor curved spines is a trait controlled by genes at a single locus,with the straight spine allele dominant to the curved spine allele.A population of prickly pears has 37 individuals with straightspines and 42 individuals with curved spines. Of the prickly pearswith straight spines, 12 have a homozygous dominant genotype. Isthis population in equilibrium?

Calculate p and q from the number of individuals of eachgenotype:

p = _____

q = _____

Calculate the expected frequency of each genotype if thepopulation is in equilibrium:

_____   = Frequency of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Frequency of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Frequency of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Calculate the expected number of individuals of eachgenotype in a population of 79 prickly pear cacti if the gene is inequilibrium:

_____   = Number of homozygous dominantindividuals

_____   = Number of heterozygousindividuals

_____   = Number of homozygous recessiveindividuals

Test how well your data fits the expected values fromthe equilibrium model:

_____   Chi-square test statistic

______ P value

_____ (y/n) in equilibrium?