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Stomata regulate the loss of water by transpirationA. Plants have evolved adaptations that balance water...

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Stomata regulate the loss of water by transpirationA. Plants have evolved adaptations that balance water loss with CO2 uptake.1. Three environmental conditions have major effects on the rate of transpiration: relativehumidity, air temperature, and air movement. Relative humidity when low speedsevaporation. The air temperature also speeds evaporation as it rises. Air movement at theleaf surface carries water vapor away from the surface and so makes a steeper gradient.About 2% of the water remaining in the leaf is used in photosynthesis and other activities.This emphasizes the need for controls over transpiration.The cuticle-coveredof leaves and stems reduces the rate of waterloss, but it also limits the rate CO? can diffuse into the leaf. The functioning of stomataaffects a plant's water balance and CO2 uptake. This "transpiration-photosynthesiscompromise" involves the regulation of transpiration and gas exchange by opening andclosing stomata.

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