Shown below are the 4 reactions involved in the Cu cycle listedin random order.

a.Cu(PO)(s) +6HCl(aq) → CuCl(aq) + 2HPO(aq) 


b.CuCl(aq) + Mg(s) →MgCl(aq) + Cu(s) 


c.Cu(s) + 4HNO(aq) →Cu(NO)(aq) + 2NO(g) + 2HO(l) 


d.3Cu(NO)(aq) +2NaPO(aq) → Cu(PO)(s) + 6NaNO(aq) 


Is the order C, D, A, B?

The first reaction in the cycle is initiated by adding 6 Mnitric acid to elemental copper.

1) Calculate the volume of 6 M HNO3 needed to react with 0.636grams of Cu.

a) Convert grams Cu to moles Cu 


                                   0.636gCu X (1molCu/63.546gCu)= 0.010mol Cu

b) Calculate the moles HNOneeded forthe amount of Cu in part (a) using the balanced chemical equation.


                                   0.010mol Cu X (4 mol HNO3/ 1mol Cu)= 0.040mol HNO3

c) Calculate the volume of 6 MHNOneeded to provide the moles of HNOin part     (b). 


                                   (0.040 mol HNO3/6M)= 0.007 L

2) Calculate the yield in moles of the copper (II) nitrate thatyou expect to obtain from 0.636 grams of copper. 


I already calculated the moles of Cu present in 0.636 grams ofCu (calculation 1).

0.010mol Cu X (1mol Cu (No3)2/ 1molCu) = 0.010mol (CuNo3)2

I’m not sure how to start the following problems:

It is now time to calculate the amount of the next reagentneeded for the 2nd reaction in the cycle involving coppernitrate.

The following reagents are available to carry out the rest ofthe reactions in the copper cycle.

elemental magnesium


6 M hydrochloric acid

0.5 M sodium phosphate

3) For the second reaction in the cycle, use the moles of copper(II) nitrate expected at the end of the first reaction in the cycleas the starting point for the next calculation.

a) calculate the volume in mL or themass in grams of the appropriate reagent needed for the nextreaction in the cycle. 


b) calculate the yield inmoles of the copper product produced by the 2reaction.

2) Repeat the calculation for the nextreaction in the cycle until you have calculated the 
amounts of allreagents needed for each reaction in the entire copper cycle. 


Be sure you are explicit in your calculations andinclude all formulas and units. Be sure that you use the expectedyield of copper product from one reaction as the starting amount ofcopper reactant for the calculation for the next reaction in thecycle.

3) For the final reaction in the cycle,

a) Calculate the yield in grams of solid copper that should beobtained.

Write a formula to express the yield of copper in grams at theend of the copper cycle as a percentage of the mass of Cu startedwith in the reaction between Cu and HNO3.