Review these Skill Builders (and all of the otherCourse Materials): -Evaluating p-values -Statistical Power Identifythe scenario you are evaluating and name the population. Estimatethe size of that population. Example: the population of scenario 1seems to be students at a State University so you could estimatethe number of students at a typical State University. TheUniversity of South Florida up the road from me has about 40,000students Identify the independent variable (IV) and the dependentvariable (DV). Sometimes this is stated by the researchers andsometimes you have to ferret it out. In scenario 2, the IV and DVare given as Race and Education, respectively. Write a nullhypothesis. If the null hypothesis is not provided in the scenario,write a null hypothesis based on the information that is providedin the scenario. Each scenario addresses differences in an intervalor ratio DV among a Nominal or Ordinal IV made up of 2 or moregroups. So write the null hypothesis this way: There is nodifference in Education based on Race among (state/name thepopulation). Critically evaluate the sample size. This is trickybecause the scenarios do not provide us with the right informationto calculate an appropriate sample size. And you want to avoidstating that a sample size ‘seems’ to be the right size (veryamateurish). What to do? Go to this sample size calculator:https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm. Use the box labeledCalculate Sample Size, Enter .95 for the confidence level, yourestimate of the population, 5 for the confidence interval and seewhat pops up for the ideal sample size. Compare that number to thesample size in the scenario and critically evaluate the sample sizein terms of making a Type I or Type II error. For example, if thesample size is smaller than the ideal sample size, does theprobability of making a Type I error increase or decrease. Do thesame drill with a Type II error. Critically evaluate the scenariofor meaningfulness. Follow the guidance I provided in theAnnouncement Week 5 Discussion: How To Critically Evaluate TheDiscussion Scenario. Note: we can often relate meaningfulness tosocial change. That is, if the research is meaningful then it mayhave implications for social change. Try evaluating meaningfulnessand social change in the same paragraph. But first, definemeaningfulness and define social change. Cite, cite, cite.Critically evaluate the statements for statistical significance.Compare the researcher reported p-value for the hypothesis testthey conducted (either a t-test or an ANOVA) to the confidencelevel (usually .05). If the reported p-value is greater than .05,then the researcher should fail to reject the null hypothesis andstate that there is no statistical significance. If the reportedp-value is less than .05, then the researcher should reject thenull hypothesis and state that there is statistical significance. Iknow this is counter-intuitive. Just do it. Add this for grins,“There is no such decision as ‘rapidly approaching significance.’This is statistics, not a hurricane watch.” Select 1 response tothe following multiple choice question: What scenario would youfind to be the least fun?Having a root canal performed by anexperienced dentist. Having 4 root canals performed by anunsupervised novice dentist. Having 21 root canals performed by atrained Capuchin monkey. Trying to statistically determinedifferences in patient post-root canal pain levels based on thedentist’s training.