Refer to the following annual financial data (in millions of US$) from Facebooks past three annual reports:

Item Revenue Costs of good sold R&D Marketing & sales General & administrative Total costs Operating income Less: interest expense Income before tax Less: income tax Net income Book value of equity 2015 17928 2867 4816 2725 1295 11703 6225 31 6194 2506 3688 2014 12466 2153 2666 1680 973 7472 4994 84 4910 1970 2940 2013 7872 1875 1415 997 781 5068 2804 50 1254 1254 1500 44218 36096 15470 (a) Restate the 2013 results assuming a tax rate of 40% with R&D expenses capitalized using a 3-year straight-line depreciation of R&D. How does the net income after tax and the ROE change in 2013 after you capitalize R&D versus the net income after tax and ROE that obtain without R&D capitalization? (b) Restate the 2014 results with the same assumptions as above but this time be careful as you will have to depreciate a portion of the 2013 R&D investment as well as a portion of the 2014 R&D investment. What are the restated values for net income after tax and ROE in 2014? (c) Finally, complete the restatement of 2015 results with the same assumptions as above. Find the 2015 adjusted net income after tax and the restated ROE for 2015. (d) How would the earnings per share be affected before and after capitalizing R&D? Assume that the latest number of shares issued and outstanding is 2.31 billion