Question 8.  A transmembrane protein uses a β barrelstructure to span the cell membrane.  How can amino acidmutations in a protein within this β barrel structure affectinteractions with the membrane and why? (Up to 50words)  

Question 9.  Haemoglobin is a protein that carriesoxygen in our red blood cells.  Sickle cell anaemia is agenetic disease in which Glu at position 6 of haemoglobin ismutated to a Val, rendering haemoglobin non-functional.

1. What type of amino acid change is this?  (1mark)

1. Give one reason why this could affect the function of thisprotein.  (1 mark)

Question 10.  Lectin is a protein that bindscarbohydrates and is critical for biological recognition processesin living organisms.  Describe what bonds and forcescould be involved in lectin and carbohydrate interactions. (Up to50 words)  

Question 11.  A hexokinase is an enzyme that adds aphosphate to glucose after it enters the cell, which is consideredthe first step of glycolysis.  One enzyme, hexokinase A(HKA), has a K_m of 0.02 mM, whereas another, hexokinaseB (HKB), has a K_m of 1.0 mM.  Explain why sometypes of fast growing cancer cells would use HKA instead of HKB.(Up to 50 words)