Question 55:

Please indicate the diseases or conditions described in eachsection below. [5 marks]

(a) Billions of people consume unregulated concentrations of afungal toxin, an alkylating agent, in their staple foods (corn,ground-nuts, rice). What condition arises from consumption of:

• acute, high doses?                       
• chronic, low doses?                       

(b) What is the painful inflammatory condition that occurs injoints when macrophages phagocytose crystals of a commonmetabolite?                             

(c) What severe inflammatory condition is characterised bydamage to secretory cells or ducts that deliver digestive enzymes(such as lipases) to the gut, and by the precipitation of salts offatty acids?                             

(d) What potentially lethal body-wide inflammatory state isinduced if an injury leads to a large amount of intracellularmaterial being liberated into thebloodstream?                                   

(e) Name chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the gut,associated with dysbiosis, and showing ulceration and fibrosisthat:

• may occur at any site in the alimentary canal                       
• are localised to the large intestine: