Question (20 marks) Financial statements are an important tool of communication among both internal and external users. One of the tools used to analyze these financial statement is ratio analysis. The usage of ratio analysis in interpretating financial statements have both its benefits and limitations. Required: a. Explain four (4) benefits of ratio analysis (10 marks) b. Explain four (4) limitation of ratio analysis (10 marks) Graded Exercise 2 : Due Date: 11 October 2023 (Week 7) Question (30 marks) Cheez Pijja owner bought his current pizza oven two years ago for RM9,000, and it has one more year of life remaining. He is using straight-line depreciation for the oven. He could purchase a new oven for RM1,900, but it would last only one year. The owner figures the new oven would save him RM2,600 in annual operating expenses compared to operating the old one. Consequently, he has decided against buying the new oven, since doing so would result in a "loss" of RM400 over the next year. Required: a. How do you suppose the owner came up with RM400 as the loss for the next year if the new pizza oven were purchased? Explain. (8 marks) b. Criticize the owner's analysis and decision. (6 marks) c. Prepare a correct analysis of the owner's decision. (6 marks) d. A quantitative analysis enables a decision maker to put a "price" on the sum total of the qualitative characteristics in a decision situation. Explain this statement, with an example. (10 marks) Graded Exercise 3 : Due Date: 25 October 2023 (Week 9) Question (20 marks) Senyuman Factory normally produces and sells 30,000 units of RG-6 each month. The selling price is RM22 per unit, variable costs are RM14 per unit, fixed manufacturing overhead costs total RM150,000 per month, and fixed selling costs total RM30,000 per month. Employment-contract strikes in the companies that purchase the bulk of the RG-6 units have caused Senyuman Factory's sales to temporarily drop to only 8,000 units per month. Senyuman Factory estimates that the strikes will last for two months, after which time sales of RG-6 should return to normal. Due to the current low level of sales, Senyuman Factory is thinking about closing its own plant during the strike, which would reduce its fixed manufacturing overhead costs by RM45,000 per month and its fixed selling costs by 10%. Start-up costs at the end of the shutdown period would total RM8,000. Because Senyuman Factory uses Lean Production methods, no inventories are on hand. Required: a. What is the financial advantage (disadvantage) if Senyuman Factory closes its own plant for two months? (4 marks) b. Should Senyuman Factory close the plant for two months? Explain. (4 marks) c. At what level of unit sales for the two-month period would Senyuman Factory be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open? (Hint: This is a type of breakeven analysis, except that the fixed cost portion of your break-even computation should include only those fixed costs that are relevant [i.e., avoidable] over the two-month period.) (5 marks) d. Using relevant illustrations, explain 7 steps in decision-making process. (7 marks) Question (30 marks) The following data relate to the operations of Bantal Factory, a wholesale distributor of consumer goods: i. Actual and budgeted sales data: ii. The gross margin is 25% of sales. iii. Sales are 60% for cash and 40% on credit. Credit sales are collected in the month following sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales. iv. Each month's ending inventory should equal 80% of the following month's budgeted cost of goods sold. v. One-half of a month's inventory purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable at March 31 are the result of March purchases of inventory. vi. Monthly expenses are as follows: commissions - 12% of sales, rent - RM2,500 per month; other expenses (excluding depreciation), 6% of sales. Assume that these expenses are paid monthly. Depreciation is RM900 per month (includes depreciation on new assets). vii. Equipment costing RM1,500 will be purchased for cash in April. viii. Management would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of at least RM4,000 at the end of each month. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of RM1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of RM20,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter