Provide a detailed report on below topics and submit all the files (Excel, word and SAP2000) Design...

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Provide a detailed report on below topics and submit allthe files (Excel, word and SAP2000)
Design of Transmission towers using SAP2000

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1 IntroductionTraditionally building highvoltage power lines has had fewobstacles during their constructionphase Currently this type of infrastructure is facing a number ofsetbacks it has a considerable impacton the environment on economic activities and on the expansion ofcities besides its economic costincluding inspections and maintenance All of these problems haveled the companies that use andmaintain this infrastructure to consider making the best usepossible of the existing lines before placingnew lines Old lines were designed according to the standards ofthe time in which they were built andthey were designed to bear a certain load In many cases thesetowers were designed over forty yearsago so the increased loads that will be placed on them will be fargreater than the one for which theywere designed In addition to this fact the design and executiondata of the towers has in most casesdisappeared and in other cases building regulations did not evenexist at the time Due to thisaddressing the reuse of existing power lines requires a geometricand structural analysis of the towers toassess their current stateFormerly the towers dimensional analysis was performed throughexpeditious and manual methodsthrough the use of a gauge and a measuring tape that requireddirect contact with the structure andtherefore meant high risks and high costs Afterwards in searchof a remote noninvasive measuringmethod classic topographic measuring allowed thorough notablyintense field work taking angularmeasurements and determining singular points indirectly throughangular intersections More recently theexistence of reflectorless electromagnetic surveying equipment hasallowed direct measurement ofdistances and angles from a single point making field work easierand more efficient although it solelyfocuses on extracting unique and specific measurements determinedby the topographer 1 This has meantgreat uncertainty upon the elements of the tower since the datawas only taken at the point where themeasurement is performed In order to have the full representationof the geometry of the structure in thelast years laser scanning has presented as an interesting solution2345 due to the fact that theygenerate See Answer

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