Prove the following equivalences without using truth tables, and specify at each step of your proof...

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Prove the following equivalences without using truth tables, andspecify at each step of your proof the equivalence law you areusing.

(a) ¬ (p ∨ (¬ p ∧ q)) ≡ ¬ p ∧ ¬ q

(b) ( x → y) ∧ ( x → z) ≡ x → ( y ∧ z)

(c) (q → (p → r)) ≡ (p → (q → r))

(d) ( Q → P) ∧ ( ¬Q → P) ≡ P

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