Probability theory and the binomial expansion show that, wereyou to sample families consisting of four children 1/16 of thesefamilies would consist of 4 boys, 4/16 would consist of 3 boys and1 girl, 6/16 would consist of 2 boys and 2 girls, 4/16 wouldconsist of 1 boy and 3 girls, and 1/16 would consist of 4 girls. Dothe data in the sample given in the next table approximate thisexpectation? Complete the table, calculate X2, andanswer the questions based on your calculations.
Family Sex Ratio | O | E | (O-E) | (O-E)2 | (O-E)2/2 |
All Boys | 235 | | | | |
3B:1G | 898 | | | | |
2B:2G | 1317 | | | | |
1B:3G | 841 | | | | |
All girls | 181 | | | | |
Total | | | | | X2 = |
A. interpret this X2 value, you have __________degrees of freedom.
b. In this case do you accept/reject the hypothesis that these dataapproximate a dihybrid test cross ratio with independentassortment?a. In interpreting this X2 value, you have_____ dregrees of freedom.
c. What is the probability that the deviations are due to chancealone?
D. Determine whether the overall ratio of boys to girls in theabove data is consistent with the hypothesis of a 50:50 sex ratio.Remember that each family included in the table consists of fourchildren; for example, 235 families consisted of 4 boys, 898families consisted of 3 boys and 1 girl, and 1317 familiesconsisted of 2 boys and 2 girls. Calculate X2 for thesedata by completing the following table:
Sex | O | E | (O-E) | (O-E)2 | (O-E)2/E |
Male | | | | | |
Female | | | | | |
Total | | | | | X2 = |
E. Accept/Reject ________; df=_____________; P=___________
F. Calculate the ratio of boys to girls; record here:
G. How have biologists explained sex ratio data such as thoseobserved in this problem?
Please explain the steps...... Thanks