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Lehighton Chalk Company manufactures sidewalk chalk, which itsells online by the box at $24 per unit. Lehighton uses an actualcosting system, which means that the actual costs of directmaterial, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead are entered intowork-in-process inventory. The actual application rate formanufacturing overhead is computed each year; actual manufacturingoverhead is divided by actual production (in units) to compute theapplication rate. Information for Lehighton’s first two years ofoperation is as follows:
| Year 1 | Year 2 |
Sales (in units) | | 2,800 | | | 2,800 | |
Production (in units) | | 3,300 | | | 2,300 | |
Production costs: | | | | | | |
Variable manufacturing costs | $ | 13,530 | | $ | 9,430 | |
Fixed manufacturing overhead | | 16,830 | | | 16,830 | |
Selling and administrative costs: | | | | | | |
Variable | | 11,200 | | | 11,200 | |
Fixed | | 10,200 | | | 10,200 | |
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Selected information from Lehighton’s year-end balance sheetsfor its first two years of operation is as follows:
LEHIGHTON CHALK COMPANY |
Selected Balance Sheet Information |
Based on absorption costing | End of Year 1 | End of Year 2 |
Finished-goods inventory | $ | 4,600 | | $ | 0 | |
Retained earnings | | 14,540 | | | 26,780 | |
| | | | | | |
Based on variable costing | End of Year 1 | End of Year 2 |
Finished-goods inventory | $ | 2,050 | | $ | 0 | |
Retained earnings | | 11,990 | | | 26,780 | |
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Prepare a numerical reconciliation of thedifference in income reported under the two costing methods used inrequirements (1) and (2).
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| Year | Change in Inventory (in units) | | Actual fixed-overhead rate | Difference in fixed overheadexpensed | Absorption- minus variable-costingoperating income | 1 | | Increase or Decrease? | × | | | | 2 | | Increase or Decrease? | × | | | |
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