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Discussion

Hi All - this week you will learn about DNA - the molecule oflife! You may think that protein-coding genes are the mostimportant, but results from the Human Genome Project revealed thatonly about 2% of our DNA codes for protein - so what about the restof the \"junk DNA\" (or non-protein coding portion of the genome) -is it functionally important? Yes! Scientists are learning how \"thenon-protein-coding portion of the genome is of crucial functionalimportance: for normal development and physiology and for disease\".I would like you to please choose a topic with regards to thenon-protein coding portion of the genome (this will introduce youto gene regulation which we will cover in chapter 11) or you mayalso choose to write about a topic that describes a mutation in anyprotein that is involved in DNA replication, transcription, ortranslation (we did not talk about all of the enzymes involved inthose processes). Please list your reputablesource - this is worth 0.5 pt (even if you use oneof my sources below) and tell me WHY you chose your topic(this is worth 1 pt.) please try to briefly explain your topic tothe best of your knowledge - I don't expect you to write a lot ofdetail about your topic - it might be hard to understand (which youare welcome to comment on in your paragraph)!

Examples to choose from (but not limited to) include: noncodingRNAs (snRNAs, miRNAs, siRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs, lincRNAs) and RNAtherapeutics:

LIST:

1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119351/(Development of microRNA therapeutics is coming ofage)

2. http://www.umassmed.edu/rti/ (RNA TherapeuticsInstitute)

3.http://www.genengnews.com/insight-and-intelligence/rna-based-therapeutics-and-vaccines/77900520/

4. http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/26/21/2361.full(Biology of PIWI-InteractingRNAs: new insights into biogenesis and function inside andoutside of germlines)

5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265212/(PIWI proteins and their interactors in piRNA biogenesis,germline development and geneexpression)

6.http://www.news-medical.net/news/20121203/microRNAs-play-an-important-role-during-embryonic-development.aspx

7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578617/(the role of microRNAs in cell fatedetermination)

8.http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/01/13/scientists-reprogram-embryonic-stem-cells-to-expand-their-potential/

9.http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40871/title/The-Second-Coming-of-RNAi/

10.http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/cardiac-development-needs-more-than-protein-coding-genes-0124.html(long non-coding RNA molecules)

11.http://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/new-role-micrornas-torpedoes-sink-neurons(microRNAs)

12. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/rothmund-thomson-syndrome(mutation in human helicase gene)

13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633371/(mutation in mitochondrial helicase gene calledTWINKLE)

14.http://sfari.org/news-and-opinion/news/2013/in-autism-related-disorders-rna-turns-out-to-be-key(RNA topoisomerase)

15. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TERC(dyskeratosis congenita -mutations in the TERC gene - the RNA component oftelomerase)

16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853347/(Top3beta is an RNA topoisomerase that works with Fragile Xsyndrome protein to promote synapse formation)

The following 3 articles discuss long non-coding RNAs -there are many examples in each article so you only need to talkabout one example - not the whole article:

1.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468054016300063(mechanism of action and functional utility)

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084630/(dysregulated expression in ovarian cancer)

3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4736767/(stem cells)