please can answer all the questions and with work clearly
1. According to the Joslin Clinic, healthy individuals withoutdiabetes should have a blood glucose level of no more than 100 mgdL−1 after awaking, before breakfast. What is the molarity ofglucose in the blood of a healthy individual whose blood glucoselevel is 100 mg dL−1 ?
2. One index of toxicity is the LD50, the amount of substancewhich, when administered to a group of subject, will kill 50% ofthat group. (LD50 stands for lethal dose of 50%.) It is known thatLD50s are different for different species; for example, foraspirin, the LD50 in cats is about 5 mg kg−1 , while in dogs, it isabout 11 mg kg −1 , and in rats, it is about 200 mg kg−1 . In arecent editorial, Dr. Bernd Mayer of the University of Graz,Austria, discusses the accepted lethal dose of nicotine in humans.According to Dr. Mayer, the widely accepted value of 800 mcg kg−1(mcg is a common abbreviation for microgram, µg, and 1 mg = 1000mcg) is based on a casual statement in a 1906 toxicology text, andis far smaller than the values determined for laboratory animals,which are range from 3.3 (mice) to more than 50 mg/kg (rats).
(a) Assuming that the accepted value is correct, how many moretimes toxic is nicotine towards humans than rats?
(b) Assuming that the accepted value is incorrect and thatnicotine is as toxic in humans as in rats, what is the expectedlethal dose, in grams, for a 120 lb woman? For a 180 lb man?
c) Depending on brand, smoking a cigarette results in an uptakeof approximately 2 mg of nicotine. How many cigarettes must besmoked by a 120 lb woman to achieve the lethal dose of nicotine?How many for the 180 lb man?
3. It is approximately 59 miles from Indiana to Pittsburgh.According to the EPA, the commercially available vehicle with thehighest gas mileage is the BMW i3 BEV, which achieves 124 mpg.
(a) How many gallons of gas are required to drive to Pittsburghand back?
(b) Assuming gasoline is 100% octane, how many moles of octaneare required to drive to Pittsburgh and back?
(c) Assuming complete combustionof the fuel, how many grams of CO2 are produced by driving toPittsburgh and back?
4. The U.S. EPA currently sets the maximum allowableconcentration of lead in public drinking water at 15 µg L−1 .
(a) What is the molarity of Pb, if the concentration of Pb is 15µg L−1
(b) If you allow one gallon of such water to evaporate todryness, how many grams of Pb are left behind?
(c) How many gallons of such water must you drink in order tohave drunk a mole of lead?
5. On the Moodle site, you will find a file,HydocarbonDensity.xls. This is an Excel file listing the names,number of carbons, molar masses, refractive indices, and densitiesof 35 unbranched alkanes.
(a) Make a plot of the density of unbranched alkanes versus thenumber of carbon atoms in the alkane.
(b) Given that commercial polyethylenes have densities between0.91-0.96 g/mL, use your plot to estimate the number of carbonatoms in commercial polyethylene. You should explain your processin writing.
