Pitting occurs downstream of the spillway due to cavity. Describe the formation of pitting and show...

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Civil Engineering

Pitting occurs downstream of the spillway due to cavity.Describe the formation of pitting and show two examples of pitting.This question is open-ended. Therefore it must be supported byrelevant literature.

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Pitting due to Cavitation damage is often one of the more serious problem in operating a hydraulic structure In a matter of days it can damage a structure to the point of failure Millions of dollars have been spent to repair structures that were damaged from pitting erosion The mechanism of pitting formation due to cavitation and damage Cavitation is a hydraulic phenomenon similar to the boiling of a liquid except it is based on a pressure change instead of a temperature change It results from the expansion and collapse of small bub bles or nuclei of vapor and gas in a liquid The nuclei expand in a low pressure region and collapse rapidly in a highpressure region The collapse pro duces noise and can cause vibration and damage to nearby materials Cavitation Nuclei The nucleus is the basic element involved See Answer

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