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The lineage leading to Homo sapiens diverged from the lineageleading to Pan troglodytes ________________ of years ago.

1. hundreds of millions

2. billions

3. thousands

4. millions

What is the difference between microevolution andmacroevolution?

1. Microevolution is proven fact, and macroevolution is just aguess (a theory).

2. Microevolutionary processes are always faster thanmacroevolutionary processes.

3. Microevolution describes changes in allele frequencies withinpopulations/species; macroevolution describes processes occurringabove the species level.

4. Microevolution is about small changes, and macroevolution isabout big changes.

What is the proper relationship between the terms “fact” and“theory”, as they are used in science?

1. Theories are guesses, but if they turn out to be correct,they become facts.

2. A hypothesis, after passing many tests against facts, becomesa theory.

3. Many facts, when added together, become a theory.

4. Theories provide systematic explanations of diverse classesof facts.

Assuming the model of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, if the allelefrequency of A is .6 and the allele frequency of a is .4, what arethe expected genotype frequencies?

1. AA=.36, Aa=.48, aa=.16

2. AA=.60, Aa=.00, aa=.40

3. AA=.25, Aa=.50, aa=.25

4. AA=.16, Aa=.48, aa=.36

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Urbilataria?

1. Urbilateria were probably small, bilaterally symmetricalwormlike creatures.

2. Urbilateria were the common ancestors of the three bilaterianclades.

3. Urbilateria were common in the Burgess Shale.

4. Urbilateria lived at least 560 million years ago in thePrecambrian.

What are Ediacaran animals?

1. a group that includes the Cambrian Burgess Shale animals

2. a group of mainly soft-bodied animals that lived at the endof the Precambrian

3. Australian monotreme mammals

4. the group that includes starfish, sea urchins and seacucumbers.

Phylogenetic analyses suggest that most Cambrian animalsrepresent:

1. stem or crown groups of animal phyla.

2. Urbilateria.

3. extinct groups unrelated to living animals.

4. Precambrian relicts.

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for adaptiveradiation?
Group of answer choices

1. monophyly

2. rapid speciation

3. contains at least hundreds of species

4. trait utility

Hagfishes and lampreys are the only living:

1. ostracoderms.

2. agnathans.

3. gnathostomes.

4. cephalochordates.