Per course policy on academic honesty reproduction or dissem Use Figure 2 and the supplemental background information below to answer questions 9 through 13 North America WNS is caused by a fungus known as Pseudogymnoascus destructans formerly Geomyces In 2006 an infectious disease called white nose syndrome WNS began wiping out bat populations in destructans Although the fungus does not harm bat populations in Europe where it is thought to have originated it kills about 73 of the bats it infects in North America In North America the fungus grows on the skin of hibernating bats This skin infection often makes the bats wake up from hibernation too early leading them to use too much energy during the winter and eventually starve to death By killing large numbers of North American bats many of which eat insect pests WNS may devastate ecosystems and increase pest control costs A Cumulative probability of extinction 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 Scientists investigated how WNS may impact one major North American bat population the little brown bat Myotis lucifugus population in the northeastern United States The scientists created a mathematical model based on the population s observed survival and breeding rates with and without WNS Mathematical models are equations or algorithms that show relationships between various factors They can be utilized in population analysis to predict possible outcomes between the factors In this case it can predict possible relationships between WNS and bat populations They used this model to project the probability that the population will go extinct within 100 years The scientists also considered the possibility that the population of bats could eventually evolve resistance to WNS which would slow the population s decline To account for different levels of resistance the scientists ran the model under five different annual rates of population decline 45 20 10 5 and 2 9 Describe the type of graph used in Figure 2 1 pt 0 0 20 40 10 What information is displayed on the x axis What unit s are used 2 pts 60 Years into future Fig 2 Estimated cumulative probabilities of extinction for the little brow bat population in the northeastern United States These probabilities we projected for five annual rates of population decline 45 20 10 5 2 under an infectious disease called white nose syndrome WNS Eac projection was simulated for up to 100 years after the disease emerged i the population 80 11 What information is displayed on the y axis What unit s are used 2 pts 45 20 10 5 2 100