Organic Structures Shapes and Isomerism

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Version 42-0183-00-02

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Exercise 1: Organic Structures Shapes and Isomerism

Data Table 1. The Tetrahedral Carbon Atom.

Question	Answer
How many prongs are found in the model carbon atom?
What do the sticks represent in the model?
How many covalent bonds are necessary for each carbon atom in anorganic molecule?
What is the bond angle as represented by any pair of the shortsticks?
What causes the bonds to be symmetrically arranged around thecarbon atom?

                    

Data Table 2. Alkanes and Alkyl Groups.

Question	Answer
Describe the similarities and differences between the methaneand dichloromethane models
What is the formula of an ethyl group?
Drawing of the structural formula of 2 joined methyl groups.
Name of compound created
Molecular geometry of each carbon atom.
Is staggered or eclipsed favored? Explain your answer.
Are all hydrogens equivalent?
Name of the alkyl group
Drawing of the structural formula the alkyl group.
Drawing of the structural formula of the hydrocarbon
Name of hydrocarbon. Are all hydrogens equivalent?

Data Table 3. Isomers.

Question	Answer
Formula of butane
Drawing of the structural formula of butane
Formula of 2-methylpropane
Drawing of the structural formula of 2-methylpropane
Similarities and differences between butane and2-methylpropane
Names of C5H12 isomers
Names of C3H6Cl2 isomers

INSERT A PICTURE OF YOUR BUTANE ISOMERS.

Data Table 4. Cycloalkanes.

Question	Answer
Bond angles between the carbon atoms of cyclopropane
Is cyclopropane more or less stable than propane? Explainwhy.
Bond angles between the carbon atoms of cyclobutane
Is cyclopropane more or less stable than cyclobutane? Explainwhy.
Bond angles between the carbon atoms of cyclohexane in “chair”form.
Is “chair” form more or less stable than “boat” form? Explainwhy.

Questions

Part A

What is the difference in the number of carbon atoms betweenmethane and ethane and between ethane and propane?

Part B

What is the difference in the number of hydrogen atoms betweenmethane and ethane and between ethane and propane?

Part C

What is the formula for a 6 carbon alkane?