On a night out with friends at the viaduct, john has too much to drink. He...

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Medical Sciences

On a night out with friends at the viaduct, john has too much todrink. He loses his balance and falls, hitting his head on theconcrete floor. He is assessed by a paramedic for a possibleconcussion. Assume normal physiology and anatomy in addressing thespecific questions below
Section1(200 words)
1-Describe the anatomical structures and locations thatproduce and remove cerebrospinal fluid from the central nervoussystem?
Section 2 (250words)
2A. Describe the structure of the bloodbrain barrier and explain how it is supposed to protect thebrain?
2B-Why did the blood brain barrier not successfullyprevent the alcohol from entering into johnsâ€™s brain?
2C-What major regions of Johnâ€™s brain would you expectto have been affected by the alcohol to influence his somatic motorfunction?

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert

3.6 Ratings (512 Votes)

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF is a clear colorless body fluid foundin the brain and spinal cord It is produced by specialisedependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of thebrain and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations There is about125 mL of CSF at any one time and about 500 mL is generated everyday CSF acts as a cushion or buffer providing basic mechanicaland immunological protection to the brain inside the skull CSFalso serves a vital function in the cerebral autoregulation ofcerebral blood flowCSF occupies the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid materand the pia mater and the ventricular system around and inside thebrain and spinal cord It fills the ventricles of the braincisterns and sulci as well as the central canal of the spinalcord There is also a connection from the subarachnoid space to thebony labyrinth of the inner ear via the perilymphatic duct wherethe perilymph is continuous with the cerebrospinal fluid Theependymal cells of the choroid plexuses have multiple motile ciliaon their apical surfaces that beat to move the CSF through theventriclesA sample of CSF can be taken via lumbar puncture This canreveal the intracranial pressure as well as indicate diseasesincluding infections of the brain or its surrounding meningesAlthough noted by Hippocrates it was only in the 18th century thatEmanuel Swedenborg was credited with its rediscovery and as lateas 1914 Harvey Cushing demonstrated CSF was secreted by the choroidplexusThere is about 125150 mL of CSF at any one time This CSFcirculates within the ventricular system of the brain Theventricles are a series of cavities filled with CSF The majorityof CSF is produced from within the two lateral ventricles Fromhere CSF passes through the interventricular foramina to the thirdventricle then the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle Fromthe fourth ventricle the fluid passes into the subarachnoid spacethrough four openings the central canal of the spinal cord themedian aperture and the two lateral aperturesCSF is presentwithin the See Answer

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