need to know a, b, and c A. compare the structures and physiology of the sense...

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need to know a, b, and c

A. compare the structures and physiology of the sense ofhearing and balance with thise of the sense of vision. maks sure todescribe ALL the vital structures of each system.

B. explain in detail the physiological process of hearing andbalance.

C explain the process of vision.

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aPhysiology of hearing and balancingand vision have some similarities and differencesSimilaritiesareIn both hearing and vision there isconversion of energy from one form to neural impulsesBoth of the physiology occursthrough a cascade of steps involving the different levels ofprocessingBoth the pathway ultimately reachesto the cerebral cortexBoth the physiological output isdependent on intensity of the the input Whenever there is a highintensity sound or light there will be a higher perceptionDifferencesThe structures involved in hearingare pinna external auditory meatus middle ear and ossiclestympanic membrane oval window perilymph basilar membrane haircells tectorial membrane and cochlear nerve In case of balancingvestibular apparatus including semicircular canal utricle andsacule and otolith organs In case of vision the structuresinvolved are retina photoreceptor cells bipolar cells ganglioncells and optic nerveIn hearing sound energy isconverted into to a nerve impulse whereas in vision the lightenergy is converted into nerve impulseBoth in hearing and balancing thereare mechanical structures and processes involved In visionchemical changes are mainly occurringHearing occurs through a macromacro level of transmission of sound wave In vision Daya minutemicroscopic levels of conduction of light energy as impulseHearing and balance are controlledby cochlear nerve whereas vision is controlled by optic nerveHearing and vision is referred withthe temporal lobe of primary auditory cortex whereas in case ofvision it is situated in occipital lobe as primary visualcortexThe involved structures are detailedbelow in the descriptionb Ear is the organof hearing and balanceEar is classified intoExternal earMiddle ear andInternal earExternal ear is comprised of a pinnalocated outside It is composed of cartilaginous tissue Itsfunction is to collect the sound waves and concentrate it to thetube like structure called external auditory canalmeatus It is25 cm in length and consist of seruminous glands which secreteserumin a sticky substance to which the microbes or dust particlesattach It functions as a part of immunity The external acousticmeatuds leads to the tympanic membrane which is also known as theear drum Its function is to transmit the sound waves from theexternal ear to the middle ear The middle ear is an See Answer

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