Mr. Ragnor, a 66 year old male, was referred to the department of respiratory diseases at...

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Mr. Ragnor, a 66 year old male, was referred to the departmentof respiratory diseases at Mount Sighania Hospital with a dry coughaccompanied with blood in phlegm over a month. The previous medicalhistory of Mr. Ragnor is uneventful, with the exception of a 40pack/year history of smoking. Physical examination revealed a roughrespiratory murmur in each lung. Laboratory findings were withinnormal limits, with the exception of prostate special antigen (PSA)at 5.35 ng/ml. Chest CT images revealed an irregular soft-tissuemass with a 9.6 cm maximum diameter, internal uniformity density inthe middle-low right lobe close to pulmonary hilum, and a nodularhigh-density shadow with a 2.5 cm maximum diameter that was alobulated lesion in the left upper lobe. The patient was positivefor metastasis to the mediastinal lymph node. Fiber bronchoscopicbiopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma in the left lobe and SCLCin the right lobe. Additionally, the pharmacogenomic testingrevealed mutations in RAS because of which the RAS signaling is ONall the time. Which of the 2 intracellular signaling pathwaysactivated by RAS may promote cell growth and proliferation? Pleasedraw the downstream signaling events involved in the pathways.

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Ras is up regulated in response to receptor tyrosine kinasesignaling in response to ligand interaction The binding of RTK toligand causes receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation oftyrosine residues present on intracellular domain of the receptorThese phosphotyrosine residues will allow recruitment and dockingof adapter proteins that have SH2 or PHB domain Adapter See Answer

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