Marshall Co. produced a pilot run of eighty units of a recently developed piston used in one of its products. Marshall expected to produce and sell 1,910 units annually. The pilot run required an average of 0.55 direct labor hours per piston for 80 pistons. Marshall experienced an eighty percent learning curve on the direct labor hours needed to produce new pistons. Past experience indicated that learning tends to cease by the time 1,280 pistons are produced.

Marshall's manufacturing costs for pistons are presented below.

Direct labor	$	18.00	per direct labor hour
Variable overhead		16.00	per direct labor hour
Fixed overhead		20.00	per direct labor hour
Materials		5.00	per unit

Marshall received a quote of $10 per unit from Kytel Machine Co. for the additional 1,830 needed pistons. Marshall frequently subcontracts this type of work and has always been satisfied with the quality of the units produced by Kytel.

If the pistons are manufactured by Marshall Co., the average direct labor hours per unit for the first 1,280 pistons (including the pilot run) produced is calculated to be (use five decimal places in calculating the average time):

• 0.22528.

• 0.21408.

• 0.24797.

• 0.23056.

• 0.20926.

PART TWO

Marshall Co. produced a pilot run of fifty units of a recently developed piston used in one of its products. Marshall expected to produce and sell 1,950 units annually. The pilot run required an average of .55 direct labor hours per piston for 50 pistons. Marshall experienced an eighty percent learning curve on the direct labor hours needed to produce new pistons. Past experience indicated that learning tends to cease by the time 800 pistons are produced.

Marshall's manufacturing costs for pistons are presented below.

Direct labor	$	14.00	per direct labor hour
Variable overhead		12.00	per direct labor hour
Fixed overhead		20.00	per direct labor hour
Materials		5.00	per unit

Marshall received a quote of $9 per unit from Kytel Machine Co. for the additional 1,900 needed pistons. Marshall frequently subcontracts this type of work and has always been satisfied with the quality of the units produced by Kytel.

If the pistons are manufactured by Marshall Co., the average direct labor hours per unit for the first 800 pistons (including the pilot run) produced is calculated to be (use five decimal places in calculating the average time):

• 0.24797.

• 0.21408.

• 0.22528.

• 0.20926.

• 0.23056.